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| Modifications of walnut shell-based biocar and its adsorption for Bacillus subtilis SL-44 |
| Received:May 19, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:biochar modification;adsorption mechanism;carbon-based microbial agent;surface functional group;liquid film-controlled diffusion;inoculants preservation |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | DENG Zihe | College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China | | | TIAN Fei | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, China | | | WU Zhansheng | College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, China | wuzhans@126.com | | TAO Zhidong | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, China | | | SUN Linlin | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, China | | | YANG Fan | College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China | | | LI Haijie | School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To improve the synergistic effect of biochar and microorganisms and the quality of soil, walnut shell biochar was modified with oxalic acid and ammonia. Excellent and stable carbon-based microbial agents were thus prepared. The adsorption mechanism of biochar in Bacillus subtilis SL-44 and its stability was analyzed and explored by infrared spectroscopy, kinetics, and thermodynamics. The results showed that after modification with oxalic acid and ammonium hydroxide, the adsorption capacity of biochar increased at room temperature. This adsorption capacity increased with increasing modifier concentration, reaching a maximum adsorption of 1.539 6×1011 CFU·g-1. The COOH, C=O, and -NH2 functional groups appeared on the surface of the modified biochar, altering its electronegativity. The original morphology and structure of the biochar could be retained. The bacterial adsorption of biochar was mainly a physical process, although chemical adsorption still played an important role, and these additional functional groups participated in the adsorption. The adsorption of modified biochar on SL-44 was an exothermic process(ΔH<0); thus, with an increase in temperature, the adsorption capacity of biochar decreased, and low temperatures were advantageous for adsorption. The order of adsorption capacity at room temperature was as follows:ammonia-modified biochar > oxalic acid-modified biochar > unmodified biochar. The bacterial absorption of biochar will be improved with an increase in nitrogen and oxygen functional groups, and a higher absorption of carbon-based microbial agents could be achieved at room temperature. The more bacteria adsorbed by biochar, the greater the number of viable bacteria and the stronger the storage ability. Compared with virgin biochar, the number of viable bacteria increased by 26.01%, and the survival rate increased by 14.1 percentage points after storage for 4 months. |
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