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| Emission characteristics of estrogens in chicken manure based on the metabolic cage test |
| Received:June 01, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:chicken manure;estrogen;emission characteristic;estradiol equivalent |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LIANG Ziwei | College of Resource and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
Rural Environmental Research Group, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China | | | LI Yan | Rural Environmental Research Group, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404199, China | | | HU Jiawu | Rural Environmental Research Group, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China | | | HE Dechun | Rural Environmental Research Group, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China | hedechun@scies.org | | ZOU Mengyao | College of Resource and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China | mengyaozou@zhku.edu.cn | | YANG Ying | College of Resource and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China | | | CHEN Bingna | College of Resource and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the emission characteristics of estrogens in manures from intensive poultry farming, the contents of six estrogens in broiler manure samples collected by metabolic cage sampling for four seasons from a chicken farm in Sichuan Province were determined by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the detection rates of natural estrogens E1, 17α-E2, 17β-E2, E3, 17α-EE2, and DES in broiler manures were 100%, 81%, 91%, 65%, 22%, and 18%, with concentration ranges of 4.51~1 321.55, ND~269.23, ND~307.62, ND~60.35, ND~12.18 μg·kg-1, and ND~10.31 μg·kg-1, respectively, indicating that E1 and 17β-E2 were the primary estrogens in broiler manures. Estradiol equivalent(EEQ) was used to evaluate estrogen activity in broiler manure. The EEQ of all samples ranged from 10.80 μg·kg-1 to 1 080.22 μg·kg-1, and the relative contributions of the six estrogens to EEQ were:E1>17β-E2>17α-E2>E3>17α-EE2>DES. The average daily emission of total estrogens for each broiler was 43.75 μg·kg-1 with an EEQ of 28.66 μg·kg-1. The significance analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the concentration of estrogens in the manures of broilers fed on the same farm, but significant differences were observed in the type and concentration of estrogens in the manures of broilers fed in different batches. The concentrations of estrogens in the manures of broilers fed in summer and autumn were higher than those of broilers fed in spring and winter, which indicated that the estrogen concentration excreted by the broilers fed in different seasons was different, even for the same species and feeding mode. Therefore, the effect of sampling time on the experimental results should be fully considered when studying the excretion loads of estrogen in poultry feces. |
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