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| Migration and transformation of chlorpyrifos in soil and its influence on soil microbial characteristics under drip irrigation |
| Received:November 12, 2021 Revised:January 18, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:drip irrigation;chlorpyrifos;3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phenol (TCP);enzyme activity;soil microbial biomass carbon |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | HE Hua | Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China | | | YANG Xiaochun | Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China | | | ZHANG Jiao | Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China | zhangjiao11@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| A soil column simulation experiment was conducted to study the effects of crop planting, soil disinfection, and soil moisture on chlorpyrifos distribution and microbial characteristics in soil. The results demonstrated that chlorpyrifos primarily remained in the soil above 10 cm at the initial application stage, and it degraded and migrated downward over time. The content of 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phenol(TCP, the key metabolite of chlorpyrifos)ranged from 0.1 mg·kg-1 to 1.5 mg·kg-1. Chlorpyrifos and TCP were detected in a 40 cm soil layer 30 days after application. Among different treatments, there were significant differences in chlorpyrifos content in the soil layer above 10 cm, and there were some differences in TCP concentration in the soil layer above 20 cm. Disinfection inhibited the chlorpyrifos degradation, and crop roots promoted the reproduction of soil microorganisms, which was conducive to the chlorpyrifos degradation. Soil water content had a significant influence on chlorpyrifos content in the 10 cm soil layer. The strongest chlorpyrifos degradation occurred when the soil water content was 80% and at 70% of the field capacity. In different treatments, chlorpyrifos and TCP primarily inhibited microorganisms, and the degree of inhibition was different among different treatments. Chlorpyrifos could activate the catalase and urease activities at low concentration and inhibit them at high concentration. The effect of chlorpyrifos on the catalase and urease activities was weakened by the presence of crops. The chlorpyrifos degradation was related to the activity of soil alkaline phosphatase. The distribution of chlorpyrifos and soil alkaline phosphatase changed when crops grew. Zineb could activate the catalase and urinary enzyme activities, and inhibit the alkaline phosphatase activity. |
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