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| Joint effects of tonalide and cadmium on quantity of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities |
| Received:March 15, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:tonalide（AHTN）;cadmium（Cd）;co-contaminated;microorganisms count;soil enzyme activity |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | LI Xingguo | School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China | | | Lü Ze | School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China | lvze_2006@163.com | | ZHANG Chi | School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China | | | WANG Gang | Liaoning Yipai Environmental Protection Vocational Training School, Shenyang 110033, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| Tonalide(AHTN)is a new pollutant of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Along with the heavy metal cadmium(Cd), AHTN enters the soil through sewage irrigation and sludge utilization. The present study analyzed the effects of AHTN and Cd pollution on the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities in soil by using plate colony counting, fluorescence qPCR, soil enzyme activity determination and combined effect analysis. It showed that individual and combined pollution of AHTN and Cd significantly inhibited soil bacteria. In addition, the effect on soil fungi changed from promotion to inhibitory with the increase of AHTN concentration. Soil actinomycetes were significantly inhibited. These findings indicated the potential of actinomycetes as early warning indicators of AHTN pollution. AHTN alone and combined with Cd exhibited significant inhibition of soil urease activity(except for the first day). Acid phosphatase activity was significantly inhibited by increasing AHTN concentrations. Sucrase activity was promoted on day 1 but inhibited thereafter. The combined toxic effects of AHTN and Cd pollution antagonized the viability of soil bacteria and actinomycetes, which was antagonized-synergistic-antagonistic for fungi with increasing AHTN concentration. With prolonged exposure, the joint toxicity effect of AHTN and Cd on urease activity changed from antagonistic to synergistic. For acid phosphatase and sucrase, the activity changed from synergistic to antagonistic. |
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