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| Life cycle assessment on greenhouse effects and economic benefits for different paddy rice-upland rotation systems |
| Received:December 09, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:paddy-upland rotation;CH4;N2O;paddy rice;economic benefit;structural equation modeling |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YUE Qian | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | | | WU Siyuan | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China | siyuan981227@163.com | | ZHANG Yuefang | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | | | SHENG Jing | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | | | GUO Zhi | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | | | CHEN Danyan | College of Horticulture, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China | | | WANG Chao | Jiangsu Longhuan Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213000, China | | | XU Xiangrui | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | WANG Xin | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | | | ZONG Jiao | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of greenhouse gas emission from paddy fields based on different paddy rice-upland rotation systems and explored their key influencing factors by evaluating the effects and cost benefit of the greenhouse and comprehensively assessing the best rotation system with friendly environment and high economic benefit. In the field experiment, six rotation systems such as fallow-paddy rice, Chinese milk vetch-paddy rice, wheat-paddy rice, oilseed rape-paddy rice, green forage wheat-paddy rice, and broad bean-paddy rice were set up. Field CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored from June 2020 to May 2021 using static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques, and the driving factors for CH4 and N2O emissions were analyzed using structural equation model. In addition, the environmental and economic effects of different rotation systems were evaluated. The cumulative CH 4 emission from paddy-upland rotation ranged from 95.6 kg·hm-2 to 173.3 kg·hm-2, and the CH4 emission intensity was related to winter straw returning amount and rice yield. The cumulative N2O emission ranged from 1.5 kg·hm-2 to 2.5 kg·hm-2 and was affected by nitrogen application rate, winter straw returning amount, rice yield, and soil organic matter. Besides, nitrogen fertilizer application did not only increase N2O emissions but also led to the reduction of soil organic matter. The change in winter straw returning amount and rice yield had contrary effects on annual CH4 and N2O cumulative emission, which had a positive correlation with CH4 emission and a negative correlation with N2O emission. Green forage wheat-paddy rice rotation had the highest economic income with a value of 10 139 yuan·hm-2 and was higher than that of other rotations. Despite generating the highest N2O emission and having weak soil carbon sequestration capacity, the greenhouse gas emissions per unit economic benefit of green forage wheat-paddy rice rotation was the lowest with a value of 0.41 kg CO2e· yuan-1. The value of Chinese milk vetch-paddy rice rotation decreased by 51%, 33%, 20%, and 4% compared with that of oilseed rape, wheat, fallow and broad bean-paddy rice rotation, respectively. Paddy-upland rotations significantly affected the greenhouse effect for paddy field, and the global warming potential of Chinese milk vetch-paddy rice rotation(3.1 t CO2e·hm-2)was significantly lower than that of wheat-paddy rice rotation(5.4 t CO2e·hm-2). Compared with other rotation systems, Chinese milk vetch-paddy rice and broad bean-paddy rice rotation systems could both ensure high economic benefits and relatively low greenhouse gas emissions. Winter straw returning amount and green manure biomass were the important factors to realize the synergy of environmental effects and economic benefits. |
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