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| Effects of long-term application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers on soil Cu, Zn, and Cd contents and their availability in paddy soil |
| Received:September 05, 2021 |
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| KeyWord:long-term fertilization;reddish paddy soil;Cu;Zn;Cd;availability;partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)analysis |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHANG Lifang | Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Yichun Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Nanchang 330200, China | | | XIA Wenjian | Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Yichun Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Nanchang 330200, China | xiawenjian@163.com | | ZHANG Wenxue | Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Yichun Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Nanchang 330200, China | | | LIU Xiumei | Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Yichun Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Nanchang 330200, China | | | LI Zuzhang | Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Yichun Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Nanchang 330200, China | | | LIU Guangrong | Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China | lgrtfs@vip.sina.com |
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| Abstract: |
| This study investigated the effects of long-term application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers on paddy soil in a field experiment that started in 1984. The total and available contents of soil copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), cadmium(Cd), soil physicochemical properties, grain yields, and their relationships were analyzed. The treatments included CK(control, no fertilizer), PK(chemical fertilizer P and K), NK(chemical fertilizer N and K), NP(chemical fertilizer N and P), NPK(chemical fertilizer N, P and K), and different proportions of pig manure plus chemical fertilizer(M1NPK, 30% manure + 70%NPK; M2NPK, 50% manure + 50%NPK; M3NPK, 70% manure + 30%NPK). The results showed that compared with CK, pig manure treatments significantly increased the total and available contents of Cu, Zn, and Cd by 134%~239%, 57%~124%, and 58%~171%, and 191%~380%, 285%~811%, and 61%~184%, respectively, and also significantly increased the soil organic matter(SOM), cation exchange capacity(CEC), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN), and available phosphorus(AP); however, the effects of chemical fertilizer treatments were not significant. Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that the soil TN, CEC, and AP accounted for 89.1%, 6.4%, and 2.0% of the variation in heavy metals, respectively, in pig manure treatments, whereas pH and TP accounted for 45.0% and 22.2% of the variance variation in heavy metals, respectively in chemical fertilizer treatments. Partial least squares path model(PLS-PM)analysis showed that the contribution of pig manure on the availability of heavy metals was much greater than that of chemical fertilizers. The availability of heavy metals was mainly affected by total heavy metals(THM)and CEC, and the path coefficients were 0.621 7 and 0.295 3, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between heavy metals and soil physicochemical properties in pig manure treatments because of a homologous relationship, whereas the relationship among chemical fertilizer treatments was mainly affected by rice growth and harvest. This study indicated that when pig manure was used to improve soil fertility, long-term fertilization affected the availability of heavy metals by regulating soil physicochemical properties; hence, more attention should be paid to the risk of heavy metal accumulation in soils. |
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