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| Implications of pyrite and glutamate in arsenate toxicity in lettuce |
| Received:February 24, 2022 Revised:April 11, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:arsenate;lettuce;pyrite;organic matter;glutamate |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | WEN Jingyu | 1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | TANG Xin | 1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | WENG Liangxian | 1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | MU Li | 1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | muli@caas.cn | | LIU Xiaowei | 1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | ZHAO Yujie | 1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | | | DAI Lihong | 1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| This study was aimed to evaluate the role of iron-containing minerals and organic matter in the regulation of arsenate toxicity in lettuce. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the interaction between exogenous additives and arsenic in a Hoagland solution, and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（HPLC-ICP-MS）was used to determine the morphological and cumulative changes in arsenic in lettuce in different treatment groups and investigate the changes in nutrient content, superoxide dismutase concentration, and malondialdehyde concentration in the antioxidant system and fiber. Results showed that arsenic in the culture solution was physically adsorbed or chemically bound to the surface of pyrite, and glutamate addition facilitated this process, thus hindering the migration of arsenic from the roots to the edible parts of the plants. When lettuce was grown for 20-40 days, the combined treatment of pyrite and glutamate reduced the inorganic arsenic and total arsenic concentrations by 35.9% and 16.9%, respectively, compared to that by pyrite treatment alone and by 4.0% and 21.8%, respectively, compared to that by glutamic acid treatment alone. In leaves, pyrite and glutamate addition increased leaf weight by 20.8% - 30.8% and chlorophyll content by 17.1% - 25.5% compared to that by the addition of pentavalent arsenic alone, limiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the body by increasing the synthesis of superoxide dismutase in the leaves and reducing lipid peroxidation reactions. Pyrite addition promoted nutrient uptake, whereas glutamate addition was beneficial in alleviating oxidative stress in plants caused by arsenic stress. Compared to pyrite treatment alone, the combined pyrite and glutamate treatment was more beneficial to the uptake of Mg, Mn, Cu, and Fe elemental nutrients by plants and enhanced plant resistance to arsenic. In addition, the combined treatment enhanced the quality of the plants compared to glutamate or pyrite treatment alone, increasing the vitamin C content by 42.5% and 69.3%, cellulose content by 21.2% and 374.6%, and protein content by 71.4% and 21.4%, respectively. The combined treatment effectively reduced the migration of arsenic in solution and accumulation of arsenic in lettuce leaves, which consequently facilitated the removal of reactive oxygen species from plants, increased the uptake of nutrient elements, and improved the quality of plants. |
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