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| Ecotoxicity risk of petroleum and hydrocarbon components to earthworms |
| Received:February 26, 2022 Revised:June 21, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:petroleum-contaminated soil;alkane fraction;aromatic fraction;ecotoxicity;earthworm;equivalent risk |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | WU Manli | School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China | | XIAO Heyue | School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China
An De College, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710311, China | | HE Haohua | School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China | | WANG Qi | School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China | | GAO Jinghua | School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an 710055, China |
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| Abstract: |
| Research on the ecotoxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil is important for the management and control of petroleum pollution. However, the toxic risk effects of alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH）components of total petroleum hydrocarbon （TPHs）are not clear. In this study, we used earthworms as indicator organisms to study the toxicity risk of different oil pollution levels to earthworms using microcosmic toxicity test. The n-decane（C10H22）, n-hexadecane（C16H34）, and n-hexacosane（C26H54）were used as model compounds of alkane fraction. Anthracene（An）, phenanthrene（Phe）, and pyrene（Pyr）were used as model compounds of PAHs fraction to explore the equivalent ecotoxicity risk of different components of hydrocarbons. The results showed that the toxicity risk to earthworms was low when the content of TPHs in the soil was below 6 500 mg·kg-1. When the soil oil content exceeded 13 000 mg·kg-1, the earthworms showed fleeing behavior from the soil initially, and two days later the body broke off and died; 14 days could lead to 50% weight loss of earthworms in the soil. When the oil content in the soil exceeded 50 000 mg·kg-1, the 14 days earthworm lethality rate was close to 100%. The activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）and catalase（CAT）in earthworms basically showed a trend of activation at low doses（soil oil content below 3 200 mg·kg-1）, inhibition at medium doses（soil oil content of 3 200-6 500 mg·kg-1）, and reactivation at high doses（soil oil content above 13 000 mg·kg-1） . We selected the equivalent concentration of each model compound in 10 000 and 30 000 mg·kg-1, TPHs as additive concentrations, and studied the toxic effect of each component hydrocarbon. The results showed that C16H34 in the equivalent alkane fraction and anthracene in the equivalent PAHs fraction exhibited high acute toxicity. The acute toxicity of the equivalent alkane model compounds C16H34 and C26H54 to earthworms was higher than that of the equivalent PAHs model compounds An, Phe, and Pyr. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the ecotoxicity of alkane at the initial stage of oil-contaminated soil. |
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