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| Ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients of Qingjiang cabbage in lou and lateritic red soil under different fertilizer types |
| Received:May 07, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:acidic and alkaline soil;nitrogen application type;ammonia emission;ammonia emission coefficient |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHAO Rui | South China Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | | | FENG Yanhui | South China Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | | | YAO Ling'ai | South China Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | yaolingai@scies.org | | MA Qianli | South China Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | | | GAO Jiaqian | Guangdong Tianhe Agricultural Means of Production Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510080, China | | | ZHAO Xuemin | South China Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| The ammonia volatilization characteristics and emission coefficients of Qingjiang cabbage in acidic and alkaline soils were determined to provide a scientific basis for the accurate evaluation of farmland soil ammonia emission inventory in China. This study was conducted from February to May in 2018; Qingjiang cabbage was used as the test material and the method of outdoor simulation field was conducted. Soil pH type was set as group A, and two soil pH types were set： alkaline soil（A1） and acidic soil（A2）. Concurrently, fertilizer type was set as group B, and five nitrogen fertilizer types were set： no fertilizer control（B0）, urea（B1）, ammonium bicarbonate（B2）, urea and organic fertilizer（B3）, and compound fertilizer（B4）. There were 10 treatments in this study, and the nitrogen application rate in each treatment was 200 kg·hm-2. During Qingjiang cabbage planting, fertilizers were applied three times. The alkaline fertilizer was applied by furrow covering; the first topdressing was applied by spreading, while the second topdressing was irrigated after spreading. The ammonia volatilization of the two types of soil was measured by aeration method. The ammonia volatilization of soils under different fertilizer types, ammonia volatilization characteristics in acidic–alkaline soils, and the ammonia emission coefficient were determined. The results showed that topdressing during Qingjiang cabbage planting contributed to the most amount of ammonia volatilization. During topdressing, ammonia volatilization in alkaline soil accounted for 97%-98% of the total ammonia volatilization, while ammonia volatilization in acidic soil accounted for 99% of the total ammonia volatilization during the whole growth period. There was significant difference（P<0.05） among the treatments in alkaline soil; the total ammonia volatilization in the different treatments were ranked as follows： A1B2>A1B1>A1B3>A1B4. The ratio of total ammonia volatilization in alkaline soil were 3∶5∶2∶1, corresponding to A1B1∶A1B2∶A1B3∶A1B4. The total ammonia volatilization in the different treatments in acidic soil were ranked as follows： A2B2>A2B1>A2B3>A2B4. The ratio of total ammonia volatilization in acidic soil was 3∶15∶3∶1, corresponding to A2B1∶A2B2∶A2B3∶A2B4. The total ammonia volatilization in alkaline soil was significantly higher than that in acidic soil（P<0.05）. Under the temperature range of 20 ℃ to 30 ℃, the ammonia emission coefficients of different fertilizer types in alkaline soil were 2.73%-3.03%（A1B1）, 5.27%-5.31%（A1B2）, 2.27%-2.67%（A1B3）, and 1.07%-1.23% （A1B4）. Meanwhile, the ammonia emission coefficients of different fertilizer types in acidic soil were 0.40%~0.78%（A2B1）, 2.75%-3.25%（A2B2）, 0.44%-0.52%（A2B3）, and 0.18%-0.22%（A2B4）. The results indicated that soil pH was one of the important factors affecting ammonia volatilization in farmlands. The ammonia volatilization and emission coefficient of alkaline soil were significantly higher than those of acidic soil. Application of compound fertilizer with deep soil covering or irrigation of after spraying could significantly decrease ammonia volatilization and emission coefficient. |
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