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Protozoa-pathogen interactions and soil health:A review
Received:October 15, 2022  
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KeyWord:soil health|protozoa|pathogen|predation-antipredation mechanism|virulence evolution
Author NameAffiliationE-mail
SHI Ni National Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration and Utilization in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 
 
MA Silin National Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration and Utilization in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 
 
CHEN Wenli National Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration and Utilization in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China  
HUANG Qiaoyun National Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration and Utilization in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 
 
ZHU Yongguan State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center of Eco-Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China 
 
HAO Xiuli National Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration and Utilization in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China 
xlhao@mail.hzau.edu.cn 
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Abstract:
      Soil health is an important factor in maintaining the health of plant, animal, and human life systems and terrestrial ecosystems. Protists are widely distributed in soil and play an important role in maintaining soil ecological function and soil health by regulating the soil microbiome and multiple ecological processes such as nutrient cycling and remediation. The predation and bacterial-killing mechanism of protists are similar to the immune mechanism of mammalian macrophages. Protist-bacterial interactions, especially the intracellular symbiosis of protists with pathogens, are important environmental selective pressure for the virulence, dissemination, and infection risk of pathogens. This review summarized the effects of protozoa on the virulence, evolution, and dispersal of pathogens, as well as the mechanisms of intracellular survival and evolution of pathogens. It provides novel insight into the prevention of environmental pathogens and is of great significance for maintaining soil health.