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| Toxicity of the combination of nanoplastics and salt stress on seeds and seedlings of Spinacia oleracea L. |
| Received:November 01, 2022 Revised:December 16, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:nanoplastics;salt stress;spinach;seed germination;seedling growth |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | GUO Linlin | Department of Life Science, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China | | LIU Pan | Department of Life Science, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China | | WANG Jingjing | College of Life and Health, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China | | CHEN Bingxu | Cangzhou Huanchuang Environmental Protection Technology Service Co., LTD., Cangzhou 061001, China |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aimed to understand the impact of nanoplastics and salt stress on vegetable crops. Specifically, we investigated the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics（PSNPs）（200, 400, 800 mg·L-1, and 1 600 mg·L-1）with a particle size of 100 nm and also the combinatorial effect of PSNPs and NaCl（50, 100, 150 mmol·L-1, and 200 mmol·L-1）on the seed germination and seedling growth of spinach（Spinacia oleracea L.）. We noticed that, in comparison to the control, single PSNPs treatments（>200 mg·L-1）significantly reduced the germination rate, vigor, and index of spinach seeds. Further, superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity was decreased, and the soluble protein content was significantly increased under cultivation with PSNPs（>400 mg·L-1）. Moreover, low concentrations of PSNPs promoted peroxidase（POD）activity and increased chlorophyll content, while high PSNPs concentrations also induced an inhibitory effect on POD and chlorophyll. Compared with NaCl alone, treatments with low（200 mg·L-1）or high（800 mg·L-1）concentrations of PSNPs and NaCl （PSNPs+NaCl）reduced germination rate, vigor, and index of spinach seeds, and aggravated the inhibitory effects of NaCl. The combined effects of PSNPs + NaCl pollution on seedlings were as follows： PSNPs + NaCl contamination significantly decreased POD activity and increased soluble protein content. However, 200 mg·L-1 PSNPs+NaCl led to a decline in SOD activity, while 800 mg·L-1 PSNPs+NaCl enhanced it. These results indicate that PSNPs have significant toxic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of spinach and aggravate the impact of salt stress on spinach. Importantly, the toxic effects affect not only seed germination but also soluble protein content, chlorophyll content, and the antioxidant system. |
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