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| Phosphorus surplus under organic fertilizer substitution in a rice-wheat rotation system |
| Received:November 19, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:organic fertilizer substitution;rice-wheat rotation;crop yield;phosphorus loss;phosphorus balance |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | YU Yunfei | Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | WANG Yu | Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | wangyu@issas.ac.cn | | LI Shuang | Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | CHEN Guanglei | Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | ZHAO Hongmeng | Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China | | | ZHAO Xu | Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | | | WANG Shenqiang | Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China | sqwang@issas.ac.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| Suitable organic fertilizer substitutions for crop yield, phosphorus uptake, soil nutrient content, runoff loss, and phosphorus surplus in paddy soil was studied. Field experiments included partial organic substitution for chemical N and P（4th-yr）and partial organic substitution for chemical N（24th-yr）. The treatments with partial organic substitution for chemical N and P included no phosphate fertilizer （CK）, chemical fertilizer（CF）, commercial organic fertilizer（OM）, pig manure（PM）, chicken manure（CM）and cow manure substitution （DM）; the treatments with partial organic substitution for chemical N included no fertilizer（CK）, chemical fertilizer（CF）, and pig manure substitution（PM）. The principal findings were that the partial organic substitution for chemical N resulted in a significantly higher runoff phosphorus loss and phosphorus surplus. In the treatment with partial organic substitution for chemical N and P, the annual P loss of runoff was 0.08–0.15 kg·hm-2, and no significant differences in organic replacement treatments compared with chemical fertilizer were observed. The annual P balance of CF, OM, PM, CM, and DM was -0.76, 2.29, 4.58, 4.40 kg·hm-2, and 8.54 kg·hm-2, respectively. In the treatment with partial organic substitution for chemical N, compared with chemical fertilizer, the annual runoff P loss and P surplus were significantly increased by 50.4 fold and 3.41 fold; the runoff P loss P of PM and CF was 5.14 kg·hm-2 and 0.10 kg·hm-2, and the P balance was 118 kg· hm-2 and 26.7 kg·hm-2. Concurrently, the wheat yield, soil available phosphorus, and total phosphorus content were significantly increased. Our results indicate that excess P input through organic fertilizer would lead to P surplus and potential environmental risk. Therefore, partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer should control the input of nitrogen and phosphorus. |
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