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| Emission characteristics and the mechanism of synergistic emission reduction for NH3 and greenhouse gases during the aerobic composting of chicken manure |
| Received:December 23, 2022 |
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| KeyWord:aerobic composting;NH3;greenhouse gas;synergistic emission reduction;microflora |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | ZHAN Zhuoyue | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | | | HE Dechun | Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | | | JIANG Shan | Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | | | LI Xiang | Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | | | HU Jiawu | Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | | | MAO Xiaoyun | College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China | | | LIU Wangrong | Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for System Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Pollution, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China | lwr179@126.com | | WU Genyi | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China | wugenyi99@163.com |
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| Abstract: |
| To study the emission characteristics of NH3 and greenhouse gases and the mechanism of synergistic emission reduction during the aerobic composting of livestock and poultry manure, nine groups of orthogonal experiments for aerobic composting were performed with a mixed feedstock of chicken manure and mushroom residue under different conditions, and 45 d of tracking and monitoring were performed to understand the changes in the basic physicochemical parameters, analyze the emission rules and optimal emission reduction conditions of NH3 and greenhouse gases during the process of composting, and explore the correlation between the microbial community and environmental factors, the gas emission flux. The results showed that the changes in the moisture content and C/N affected the whole composting process. The composts of most treatment groups were completely decomposed after 45 d, and the addition of coconut shell biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (suitable proportion) improved the maturity of the composts. NH3 and four greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O, CO, and CO2) both had high emission fluxes during the early stage of composting(1-22 d), and manual heap turning increased their emission fluxes. NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions had different impact factors and optimal emission reduction conditions, and different gases showed no evident consistency with one another. The major factors affecting the NH3, CH4, and N2O emissions were the proportions of coconut shell biochar and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the aeration rate. The synergistic conditions that were beneficial for reducing the emissions of three gases were a water content of 60%, coconut shell biochar addition at 0 or 5%, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer addition at 0, 5%, or 10%, and an aeration rate of 0.12 L·min-1·kg-1; among them, a water content of 60%, coconut shell biochar addition of 5%, and aeration rate of 0.12 L·min-1·kg-1 were the best conditions for the synergistic reduction in the NH3 and CH4 emissions. Throughout the composting process, the relative abundance of the microbial community at the phylum and genus levels changed obviously, and the C/N and temperature were the main driving factors of the changes in the microbial community. During the early stage of composting (22 d before), the dominant bacteria at the phylum level were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, among which Firmicutes had a significant effect on the emissions of NH3 and greenhouse gases. Many factors could affect NH3 and greenhouse gas emissions during the aerobic composting of chicken manure, and the optimal selection of conditioner types and ratios under aeration conditions is expected to achieve synergistic emissions reduction of NH3, CH4, and N2O. |
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