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| Groundwater quality analysis and health risk assessment of heavy metals in industrial areas of Henan Province，China |
| Received:May 03, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:industrial area;groundwater;fuzzy comprehensive evaluation;heavy metal;health risk assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Lü Haiyang | College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | DANG Xiuli | College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenyang 110866, China | dxl@syau.edu.cn | | ZHU Yingying | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | ZHAO Long | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | HOU Hong | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | XU Rongbin | State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China | | | XU Xianghua | Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 310029, China | |
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| Abstract: |
| To investigate the groundwater quality, health risks of heavy metals, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution in industrial areas of Henan Province and the protection of its water safety for urban residents, 46 samples of groundwater were collected in five industrial zones of the province. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the R program and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the groundwater environmental quality in the study area, and a health risk assessment model was used to assess the health risks of heavy metals. The results showed that, with the exception of pH and oxygen consumption, all conventional indices exceeded the standard. Among the heavy metal indices, the concentrations of Pb, Fe, Al, Mn, and As exceeded the standard to various degrees, with the exceedance rate of Pb being the highest. The overall dispersion degree of heavy metals in groundwater in the study area was high. Within the study area, 20.45% of the groundwater points did not meet the Class Ⅲ water quality standard. The top three sampling points of accumulated concentration of total heavy metal elements were JL05, JL09, and QS04, respectively, with a highest concentration of 11 539.49 μg · L-1. The correlations among heavy metals and other components of groundwater showed that pH affected the mass concentration of Cd, Cr6+, and Ni. The concentrations of Pb and As were negatively correlated with total hardness but positively correlated with NO2-N. The contents of Ni, Mn, and Zn were greatly affected by other components. Fe was positively correlated with Mn, Hg, and As, and Mn was positively correlated with Ni and As. The health risk assessment showed that the health risk of oral ingestion was greater than the health risk of skin contact and that the health risk to minors was slightly higher than to adults. The total risk of carcinogenesis was higher than the total risk of non-carcinogenesis. As and Cd were the two main factors causing carcinogenic health risk in this region. The results of the fuzzy comprehensive assessment and health risk assessment were different; thus, the combination of the two models can enhance the reliability of results of studies of water environmental pollution. |
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