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| Survey of heavy metals in rice in Jiangsu Province and dietary intake assessment |
| Received:December 20, 2023 |
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| KeyWord:Jiangsu Province;rice;heavy metal;investigation;dietary intake assessment |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | TANG Zhixian | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | DONG Ge | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | SHI Gaoling | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | | | GAO Yan | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China | | | ZHANG Yi | Jiangsu Grain and Oil Quality Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210031, China | | | ZHAO Fangjie | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | | | WANG Peng | College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China | p.wang3@njau.edu.cn |
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| Abstract: |
| This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal contamination in rice across three regions in Jiangsu Province, China. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate dietary intake associated with rice consumption among the general population in the province. A survey conducted between 2014 to 2018 involved the collection of 980 rice grain samples from 13 rice production areas in Jiangsu Province. These rice samples were analyzed for the concentrations of cadmium（Cd）, arsenic（As）, lead（Pb）, and chromium（Cr） using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The study findings revealed that the concentrations of Cd, total As, inorganic As, Pb, and Cr in rice grain samples from Jiangsu Province ranged from 0.002 to 0.314 mg·kg-1, 0.003 to 0.513 mg·kg-1, 0.003 to 0.385 mg·kg-1, 0.002 to 0.722 mg·kg-1, and 0.002 to 1.982 mg·kg-1, respectively. The arithmetic mean values for these concentrations were 0.038, 0.147, 0.110, and 0.032 mg·kg-1. The percentage of samples were respectively 0.9%, 2.8% and 0.2%, exceeded the Chinese food safety standards for Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations in rice grain samples, with inorganic As exceeding limit estimated to be 0.2% of the samples. In comparison to national and global levels, the concentrations of As and inorganic As in rice grain from Jiangsu Province were higher, indicating a potentially increased health risk for local adults due to inorganic As exposure. Additionally, the spatial distribution of Cd concentration in rice grain exhibited a decreasing trend from south to north, suggesting that adults in southern Jiangsu faced a higher health risk of Cd exposure through rice consumption. This trend may be attributed to a higher availability of soil Cd in the more economically developed southern region and soil acidification in this region. Regarding daily intake estimates, adults in Jiangsu Province were estimated to ingest 0.19 μg·kg-1 BW·d-1 of Cd, 0.48 μg·kg-1 BW·d-1 of inorganic As, 0.14 μg·kg-1 BW·d-1 of Pb, and 0.18 μg·kg-1 BW·d-1 of Cr through rice consumption. While these intake levels generally fell below health guidelines recommended by domestic and foreign authorities, the health risks associated with inorganic As exposure in Jiangsu Province and Cd exposure in South Jiangsu through rice consumption were relatively higher. In conclusion, the concentrations of heavy metals in rice grain from Jiangsu Province generally met the acceptable safety standards. The study underscores the importance of implementing proactive initiatives to enhance the monitoring of Cd and inorganic As concentrations in rice grain produced within Jiangsu Province. These efforts are essential to mitigate the potential dietary exposure risks associated with Cd and inorganic As from rice consumption. |
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