| 周成轩,曾邹果,文玉姣,周南,周仲华,周智,罗伟.重金属镉胁迫下棉花纤维品质和棉籽油质量的变化及评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(9):1960-1968. |
| 重金属镉胁迫下棉花纤维品质和棉籽油质量的变化及评价 |
| Changes and evaluation of cotton fiber quality and cottonseed oil quality under cadmium stress |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0949 |
| 中文关键词: Cd污染 替代种植 棉花生长 纤维品质 棉籽油 |
| 英文关键词: cadmium pollution substitute plantation cotton growth fiber quality cottonseed oil |
| 基金项目:湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指[2022]51号,湘财建指[2023]98号) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究Cd污染对棉花纤维品质和棉籽油质量的影响，明晰棉花产物质量变化规律，本试验以棉花品种中棉所65为材料，设置6个土壤有效Cd含量[0.97 mg·kg-1（Cd1）、11.21 mg·kg-1（Cd11）、14.26 mg·kg-1（Cd14）、23.30 mg·kg-1（Cd23）、49.36 mg·kg-1（Cd49）和77.11 mg·kg-1（Cd77）]，测定不同含量Cd胁迫下棉花叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、各个器官的Cd含量、部分农艺性状、纤维品质及棉籽油质量，评价棉花纤维和棉籽油中Cd含量。试验结果显示：Cd胁迫对棉花株高影响差异显著。Cd11处理棉花总生物量较Cd1处理显著增加，而Cd23处理棉花总生物量显著下降。棉花富集Cd的主要器官为叶柄、茎和根，且不同含量土壤Cd污染环境下棉花不同器官对Cd的富集能力存在差异。随着Cd含量的增加，棉花纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、纤维伸长率和纺纱均匀性指数显著降低，而断裂比强度和马克隆值变化不显著。在Cd49和Cd77处理条件下，棉花纤维中Cd含量超过GB/T18885—2020规定的总Cd含量，棉花纤维使用存在风险。棉籽油中未检测到Cd，Cd胁迫对棉籽油的过氧化值影响不显著。随着Cd离子含量增加，棉籽出油率先上升后下降，棉籽油的酸价增加，导致棉籽油质量下降。研究表明，棉花具有优异的Cd耐受性及Cd累积能力，Cd胁迫显著降低了棉花纤维上半部分平均长度、整齐度指数、纤维伸长率和纺纱均匀性指数，降低了棉籽油出油率，增加了棉籽油酸价。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effect of Cd pollution on cotton fiber quality and cottonseed oil quality, and clarify the quality change rule of cotton product. The experiment used the cotton variety medium cotton house 65 as the material and set up a concentration gradient for six soil cadmium masses：0.97 mg·kg-1（Cd1）, 11.21 mg·kg-1（Cd11）, 14.26 mg·kg-1（Cd14）, 23.30 mg·kg-1（Cd23）, 49.36 mg·kg-1（Cd49）, and 77.11 mg·kg-1（Cd77）. The cadmium content in various organs of cotton, some agronomic characteristics, fiber quality, and cottonseed oil quality under different cadmium concentrations were compared and analyzed, and the cadmium ion concentration in cotton fiber and cottonseed oil was evaluated. The effect of cadmium stress on cotton plant height was significant. Compared with the Cd1 treatment, the total biomass of cotton treated with Cd11 was significantly increased. But under Cd23 treatment, the total biomass of cotton decreased significantly. In addition, petioles, stems, and roots were the main cotton organs to concentrate cadmium, and they had different enrichment abilities under various soil cadmium pollution concentrations. With the increase in soil cadmium concentration, the average length, uniformity index, fiber elongation, and spinning uniformity index of the upper part of cotton fiber decreased significantly, but the specific breaking strength and micronization value were not significantly affected. Under Cd49 and Cd77 cadmium stress treatment conditions, the cadmium ion concentration in cotton fiber exceeds the total cadmium concentration specified in GB/T 18885—2020, and cotton fiber use has risks. No cadmium ion was detected in cottonseed oil, and the effect of cadmium stress on the peroxide value of cottonseed oil was not significant. As the cadmium ion concentration increased, the cottonseed oil quality declined. This was evident in two ways：first, the oil's acidity（measured by acid value）steadily increased, and second, the oil's volume initially increased before ultimately decreasing. Cotton has excellent cadmium tolerance and accumulation ability. Cadmium stress significantly decreased the average length of the top half of cotton fiber, uniformity index, fiber elongation, and spinning uniformity index, as well as the yield of cottonseed oil, but increased the acid value of cottonseed oil. |
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