| 王家寅,鲁金凤,王聆卉,李欣玥,王玉军,王晓东.低温下冷适应性菌剂与超高温菌剂联用的堆肥效果评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(9):2117-2125. |
| 低温下冷适应性菌剂与超高温菌剂联用的堆肥效果评价 |
| Evaluation of composting effect of cold-adapted bacterial agent combined with ultra-high temperature bacterial agent at low temperature |
| 投稿时间：2023-11-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-1017 |
| 中文关键词: 低温 冷适应性菌剂 超高温菌剂 玉米秸秆 好氧堆肥 |
| 英文关键词: low temperature cold-adapted bacterial agent ultra-high temperature bacterial agent maize straw aerobic composting |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1500805);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20220101175JC) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了破解低温条件下玉米秸秆堆肥处理时升温难及堆肥成品腐熟度低的难题，本试验在10℃条件下从常年堆积玉米秸秆场所下的土壤与玉米秸秆混合样品中，筛选出3株菌株制成冷适应性菌剂，与已有的超高温菌剂（≥50℃）联合用于低温条件下玉米秸秆的堆肥，探究两类菌剂在堆肥过程中的作用，最终确立一种低温条件下冷适应性菌剂与超高温菌剂联合应用进行堆肥的方法。结果表明：未添加菌剂（CK）、单接种冷适应性菌剂（T1）、单接种超高温菌剂（T2）3组堆肥升温效果不佳，最高仅能达到50℃左右；而在第0天加入冷适应性菌剂，分别在堆肥开始第0天（T3）、第2天（T4）、第4天（T5）加入超高温菌剂的3组，不仅在堆肥初期升温迅速，且能使堆体温度在第5、6、7天时分别达到79.0、80.3、78.6℃，此外T3、T4、T5组的总有机碳降解率、种子发芽率也均高于CK、T1、T2组；与T5组相比，T3组升温更顺利，这与超高温微生物在堆体中的适应过程有关。研究表明，在低温条件下，冷适应性菌剂和超高温菌剂联合应用使堆肥效果提升显著，25 d即可完成堆肥，且在堆肥开始时加入冷适应性菌剂的前提下，超高温菌剂加入时间越早，其在堆体中发挥作用越顺利，堆肥效果越好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To solve the problems of difficult temperature rise and low degree of rotting in compost products during maize straw composting under low-temperature conditions, this experiment screened 3 strains from mixed samples of soil and maize straw under the perennial accumulation of maize stalks at 10 ℃ to establish a cold-adapted bacterial agent, which was combined with an existing ultra-high temperature（≥50 ℃）bacterial agent for composting maize stalks under low-temperature conditions. The functions of two kinds of bacterial agents in the composting process were explore and a composting method was finally established for the combined application of a coldadapted bacterial agent and an ultra-high temperature bacterial agent at low temperature. The results showed that the temperature rise effects of the 3 groups without adding bacterial agent（CK）, a single inoculation of the cold-adapted bacterial agent（T1）and a single inoculation of the ultra-high temperature bacterial agent（T2） were unfavorable, and the maximum temperature could only reach approximately 50 ℃. The 3 groups had the cold-adapted bacterial agent added on day 0, and the ultra-high temperature bacterial agent was added on days 0（T3）, 2（T4）, and 4（T5）, respectively. This not only increased the temperature rapidly in the early stage of composting, but also made the pile temperature reach 79.0, 80.3 ℃ and 78.6 ℃ on days 5, 6, and 7, respectively. In addition, the total organic carbon degradation rate and seed germination rate of T3, T4, and T5 groups were higher than those of the CK, T1, and T2 groups. Compared with the T5 group, the temperature rise of the T3 group was smoother, which is related to the adaptation process of ultra-high temperature bacterial agent in the pile. Our results indicated that the composting effect of the combined application of a cold-adapted bacterial agent and an ultrahigh temperature bacterial agent was significantly improved under low-temperature conditions and that the composting could be completed in 25 days. Under the premise of adding a cold-adapted bacterial agent at the beginning of composting, the earlier the addition time of the ultra-high temperature bacterial agent, the smoother its function in the pile with a superior composting effect. |
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