| 李嘉奇,郭自春,汪亚及,高磊,彭新华.长期施肥对红壤侵蚀坡耕地重金属积累及其有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(4):964-974. |
| 长期施肥对红壤侵蚀坡耕地重金属积累及其有效性的影响 |
| Effects of long-term fertilization on heavy metals accumulation and bioavailability in sloping cropland of red soil |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-13 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0595 |
| 中文关键词: 侵蚀坡耕地 红壤 长期施肥 猪粪 重金属 生物有效性 |
| 英文关键词: eroded sloping cropland red soil long-term fertilization pig manure heavy metal bioavailability |
| 基金项目:井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目（20222-051261）；中国科学院战略先导专项（XDA0440404）；国家自然科学基金项目（42077012） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究长期施用猪粪和化肥对红壤侵蚀坡耕地土壤重金属的长期积累及其有效性的影响，本研究基于中国科学院红壤生态实验站红壤坡耕地长期侵蚀小区试验（2012—2023年），选取不同年限（2012、2015、2018、2020年和2023年）耕层（0~20 cm）及2023 年垂直剖面（1 m 土层）的土壤样品，分析了 12 a 不施肥、单施化肥以及猪粪与化肥配施 3 个处理下土壤 pH、土壤有机碳（SOC）、4种重金属（Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd）全量及其有效态含量的变化。结果表明：与试验前土壤相比，长期单施化肥导致耕层土壤 pH下降 0.2~0.6 个单位，SOC 含量减少 1.0~1.9 g·kg-1；而长期猪粪与化肥配施则使耕层土壤 pH 升高 0.2~0.6 个单位，SOC 含量增加0.1~3.0 g·kg-1。与不施肥处理相比，长期单施化肥显著增加了耕层土壤有效态 Cr含量，增幅达 446.2%~851.2%（P<0.05）；而长期猪粪与化肥配施显著增加了耕层土壤Cu、Zn全量，增幅分别为76.3%~129.6%和71.2%~125.8%（P<0.05），并显著提高了耕层土壤有效态Cr、Cu和Zn的含量，增幅分别为335.0%~1 213.4%、162.3%~1 373.2%和275.8%~2 457.0%（P<0.05）。其中，2023年土壤Cu全量达到 56.8 mg·kg-1，已超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值（50.0 mg·kg-1）。此外，猪粪与化肥配施显著增加了深层土壤（20~100cm）Cu和 Zn的有效态含量，增幅分别为 53.9%~354.2% 与 66.3%~368.2%（P<0.05）。相关分析表明，在单施化肥处理下，土壤 Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd的有效态含量及土壤Cd全量均与土壤pH和SOC含量呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）；而在猪粪与化肥配施处理下，土壤Cu、Zn、Cd的有效态含量与全量以及Cr有效态含量均与土壤pH和SOC含量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。本研究表明，在红壤侵蚀坡耕地培肥时，长期单施化肥会导致土壤酸化、养分贫瘠及重金属的活化与积累，而长期猪粪与化肥配施则显著促进了耕层土壤重金属的富集及剖面中重金属的活化。基于此，建议农业实践中应优化化肥的施用量，使用经过处理的猪粪，并结合水土保持措施，以降低重金属累积及面源污染的风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the long-term effects of pig manure and chemical fertilizers on the accumulation and bioavailability of heavy metals in eroded red soil sloping fields, a long-term erosion plot experiment（2012—2023）was conducted at the Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Soil samples were collected from the topsoil layer（0-20 cm）in different years （2012, 2015, 2018, 2020, and 2023）and from the vertical profile（1 m depth）in 2023. The changes in soil pH, soil organic carbon（SOC）, and the total and bioavailable contents of four heavy metals（Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd）were analyzed under three treatments regimes over a 12-year period：no fertilizer application（CK）, chemical fertilizer alone（NPK）, and combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizer （NPK+PM）. The results showed that, compared to the initial soil conditions, the NPK treatment reduced topsoil pH by 0.2 units to 0.6 units and decreased SOC content by 1.0 g·kg-1 to 1.9 g·kg-1. In contrast, the NPK+PM treatment increased topsoil pH by 0.2 units to 0.6 units and raised SOC content by 0.1 g·kg-1 to 3.0 g·kg-1. Relative to the CK treatment, the NPK treatment significantly increased the available Cr content in the topsoil by 446.2% to 851.2%（P<0.05）. The NPK+PM treatment significantly increased the total Cu and Zn content in the topsoil by 76.3% to 129.6% and 71.2% to 125.8%（P<0.05）, respectively, and significantly raised the available Cr, Cu, and Zn content in the topsoil by 335.0% to 1 213.4%, 162.3% to 1 373.2%, and 275.8% to 2 457.0%（P<0.05）, respectively. By 2023, the total Cu content in the soil reached 56.8 mg·kg-1, exceeding the risk control screening value for agricultural land（50.0 mg·kg-1）. Furthermore, the NPK+PM treatment significantly increased the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in the subsoil（20-100 cm）by 53.9% to 354.2% and 66.3% to 368.2%, respectively（P<0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that under the NPK treatment, the effective states of Cr, Cu, Zn, and Cd, as well as the total Cd content in the soil, were highly significantly positively correlated with soil pH and SOC content（P<0.01）. Under the NPK+PM treatment, the effective states and total amounts of Cu, Zn, and Cd, as well as the effective state of Cr, were highly significantly positively correlated with soil pH and SOC content（P<0.01）.The study concluded that applying chemical fertilizer alone to eroded red soil sloping fields can lead to topsoil acidification and depletion, promoting heavy metal activation and accumulation. On the other hand, the long-term combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizer significantly promoted the enrichment of heavy metals in the topsoil and the activation of heavy metals in the soil profile. Therefore, in agricultural practices, it is recommended to optimize the application rates of chemical fertilizers, use treated pig manure and implement soil and water conservation measures to reduce the risks of heavy metal accumulation and non-point source pollution. |
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