| 张亚飞,李秀芬,俞映倞,杨林章,薛利红,徐飞,韩雪梅,王佳熙.长、短期有机肥施用对菜地矿化氮流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(4):1066-1077. |
| 长、短期有机肥施用对菜地矿化氮流失的影响 |
| Effects of long-term and short-term organic fertilizer application on mineralized nitrogen loss in vegetable planting system |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-31 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0727 |
| 中文关键词: 氮矿化 菜地 有机肥 氮流失 |
| 英文关键词: nitrogen mineralization vegetable system organic fertilizer nitrogen leaching loss |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1700801）；2024—2025年江苏现代农业（稻麦）产业技术体系吴中推广示范基地项目；2024—2025年江苏（吴中）现代农业（蔬菜）科技综合示范基地项目 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张亚飞 | 江南大学环境与生态学院, 江苏 无锡 214122 | | | 李秀芬 | 江南大学环境与生态学院, 江苏 无锡 214122 | | | 俞映倞 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点研究室, 南京 210014 | colleen_yu@163.com | | 杨林章 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点研究室, 南京 210014 | | | 薛利红 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点研究室, 南京 210014 | | | 徐飞 | 苏州市吴中区农业农村局, 江苏 苏州 215104 | | | 韩雪梅 | 苏州市吴中区农业农村局, 江苏 苏州 215104 | | | 王佳熙 | 海安市农业农村局, 江苏 海安 226699 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 活性氮是种植系统中支持作物生长和发生流失的主要物质，其主要来源为化学肥料的施用和土壤或有机肥矿化。在广泛施用有机肥的菜地种植系统中，有机肥施用在带来可矿化氮量增加的同时，会如何影响矿化氮的流失风险，尚不明确。本研究选用长期仅施用化肥和配施有机无机肥的菜地土壤样本，同步开展土壤培养和青菜种植试验，探索有机肥长期（4 a）、短期（56 d）施用对氮矿化进程、种植系统矿化氮的作物利用和流失的影响。结果表明，长期有机肥配施土壤因具有更为接近中性的pH和较低的容重，较长期施用化肥土壤提高净氮矿化速率 43%；种植条件下，即使施用化肥，作物吸收利用的氮 70%以上来源于矿化氮而非当季施用的化肥氮；短期化肥氮施用是菜地种植系统淋洗途径氮损失的主要来源，贡献占比在41%~75%。研究表明，长期配施有机肥可降低作物对化肥氮的依赖，提升产量稳定性；长期配施有机肥虽然一定程度增加了矿化氮的流失风险，但能够有效降低当季淋洗途径氮损失总量，并控制土壤中留存活性氮后期的流失风险，较好兼顾了农业生产和环境友好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Active nitrogen from chemical fertilizer and mineralization of nitrogen in soil and organic fertilizers, is the main substance supporting crop growth and loss in planting system. Studies on nitrogen efficiency improvement and emission reduction of active nitrogen mostly focus on chemical fertilizers; however, mineralized nitrogen is rarely isolated for study. Especially in vegetable systems where organic fertilizer is widely applied, the effect of organic fertilizer on mineralized nitrogen loss is still not clear. Therefore, 2 vegetable soils were selected for this study with one applied only chemical fertilizer over 10 years and the other applied organic and chemical fertilizers in last 4 years. The incubation test and planting experiment were carried out simultaneously to explore the effects of long-term and short-term application of organic fertilizer on nitrogen mineralization process and crop utilization and loss of mineralized nitrogen in planting system. The results showed that long-term combined application of organic fertilizer could improve soil nitrogen mineralization rate due to the more neutral pH and lower bulk density of vegetable soil. More than 70% of nitrogen uptake by crops was from mineralized nitrogen rather than seasonal fertilizer nitrogen. Fertilizer nitrogen is the main source for nitrogen leaching in vegetable systems, accounting for 41%-75%. It was indicated that long-term application of organic fertilizer could reduce the dependence of crop yield on fertilizer nitrogen and improve yield stability. Although long-term application of organic fertilizer increased the risk of mineralized nitrogen loss, it effectively reduced the amount of total nitrogen loss from leaching route, and also controlled the loss risk of retained active nitrogen in soil in the later period. It is concluded that long-term application of organic fertilizer could achieve the balance between agricultural production and environmental protection. |
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