| 冯宁,官家蓉,钟艳霞,冯波.水肥变化对新垦稻田地下水硝态氮的影响机制[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(4):1078-1087. |
| 水肥变化对新垦稻田地下水硝态氮的影响机制 |
| Impact mechanism of water and fertilizer changes on groundwater nitrate nitrogen in newly cultivated rice fields |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0636 |
| 中文关键词: 稻田 地下水硝态氮 土壤硝态氮 水氮配施 产量 |
| 英文关键词: rice field groundwater nitrate nitrogen soil nitrate nitrogen water and nitrogen combined application yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42277466）;宁夏重点研发计划项目（2021BEG02010） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 宁夏银川平原绿洲水稻种植集约化程度高，为寻找一个最优的水肥处理模式，通过大田试验系统研究了石嘴山市平罗县西大滩前进农场新垦沙地农田不同灌溉量（200、300 mm 和 400 mm，分别记为 W1、W2和 W3）与不同施氮量（0、250、370 kg·hm-2和490 kg·hm-2，分别记为 CK、N1、N2和 N3）对地下水 NO3--N、0~80 cm 土壤 NO3--N 的累积及水稻产量和土壤含水率的影响。结果表明：同一施肥水平下，地下水NO3--N浓度随灌溉量的增大而增大；同一灌溉水平下，施肥量越高，地下水中NO3--N浓度越大；灌溉量和施氮量对于地下水 NO3--N 浓度的影响效力表现为灌溉量<施氮量。最优的水肥管理模式为低灌溉 200 mm（W1）+常规施肥（N2，370 kg·hm-2氮肥+2 470 kg·hm-2有机肥），水稻在该处理下产量达到最大，为8 375 kg·hm-2，同时地水下NO3--N浓度最小，整个生育期仅为（5.06±0.01）mg·L-1。大于370 kg·hm-2的氮肥施用量将超过作物对氮的吸收量，导致NO3--N在0~80 cm土壤剖面累积（3.69 mg·kg-1），从而构成NO3--N潜在淋溶的危险。不同灌溉、不同氮肥处理之间，土壤含水率无明显差异，水稻产量在低灌和高灌处理（200 mm和400 mm）下差异并不明显，说明该区域沙地生态系统具有通过控制灌溉量提高水分利用效率的潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rice cultivation in the Yinchuan Plain oasis of Ningxia is highly intensive. In order to find an optimal water and fertilizer treatment mode, the effects of different irrigation amounts（200, 300 mm and 400 mm, denoted as W1, W2 and W3, respectively）and nitrogen application（0, 250, 370 kg·hm-2 and 490 kg·hm-2, denoted as CK, N1, N2 and N3, respectively）on NO3--N accumulation in groundwater, NO3--N accumulation in 0-80 cm soil, and rice yield and soil water content in newly reclaimed sandy farmland of Xidatan Qianjin farm, Pingluo County, Shizuishan City, China, were studied through the systematic study of a large-field experiment. The results showed that groundwater NO3--N concentration increased with increasing irrigation at the same fertilization level; At the same irrigation level, the higher the fertilizer application, the greater the NO3--N concentration in groundwater; The effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on groundwater NO3--N concentrations were shown to be as follows：irrigation1）+ conventional fertilization（N2, 370 kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer+2 470 kg·hm-2 organic fertilizer）that rice yield was maximized under this treatment at 8 375 kg·hm-2, with at the same time, the NO3--N concentration under the groundwater was the smallest, which was only（5.06±0.01）mg·L-1 for the whole fertility period.Nitrogen fertilizer applications exceeding 370 kg·hm-2 will exceed crop N uptake, resulting in NO3--N accumulation（3.69 mg·kg-1）in the 0 to 80 cm soil profile, which thus posing a danger of potential leaching of NO3--N.There were no significant differences in soil water content between different irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer treatments. The differences in rice yield were not significant between low and high irrigation treatments（200 mm and 400 mm）, indicating that the sandy ecosystems in this region have the potential to improve water use efficiency by controlling the irrigation amount. |
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