| 赵鑫,崔正国,胡海燕,荆艺,崔鸿武,丁东生,高阳.菲律宾蛤仔养殖过程中氮、磷和化学需氧量的变化规律[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(4):1098-1109. |
| 菲律宾蛤仔养殖过程中氮、磷和化学需氧量的变化规律 |
| Variation of nitrogen，phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand during the cultivation of Ruditapes philippinarum |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0270 |
| 中文关键词: 贝类养殖 菲律宾蛤仔 总氮 总磷 营养盐 |
| 英文关键词: shellfish farming Ruditapes philippinarum total nitrogen total phosphorus nutrients |
| 基金项目:青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室“十四五”重大项目（2022QNLM030001-4号）；中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目（2023TD53，2023TD13） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究菲律宾蛤仔养殖过程中水体中氮、磷和化学需氧量（COD）的变化规律，在实验室以封闭式水体养殖模拟开放式水体海水养殖菲律宾蛤仔30 d，设置3种换水量（20%、50%、70%）和大（[ 3.4±0.4）cm]、中（[ 2.4±0.4）cm]、小（[ 1.5±0.4）cm]3种养殖规格的实验，测定分析养殖水体中各项指标的浓度变化。结果表明：随着实验周期的增加和生物体排泄物的累积，NH4+-N浓度呈下降趋势，COD、NO3--N和NO2--N总体波动式上升。不同换水量条件下，总氮（TN）的平均浓度为20%换水量（1.889 mg·L-1）>50%换水量（1.144 mg·L-1）>70%换水量（0.918 mg·L-1），20%换水量的TP呈上升趋势，50%和70%换水量时则呈下降趋势。不同养殖规格条件下，NH4+-N浓度平均下降速率为大规格（84.80%）>中、小规格（84.10%、82.02%）；TN的平均浓度为大规格（1.568 mg·L-1）>中规格（1.301 mg·L-1）>小规格（1.082 mg·L-1）>对照组（0.261 mg·L-1）；TN 浓度的增长率为大规格 26.42%、中规格 24.89%、小规格21.55%；TP的平均浓度为大规格0.147 8 mg·L-1、中规格0.126 0 mg·L-1、小规格0.098 3 mg·L-1。实验组COD均低于国家海水水质二类标准。20%换水量条件下，蛤仔成活率高，营养物质浓度累积较多，3种无机氮浓度变化最显著。50%和70%换水量条件下，TP和PO43--P浓度呈波动式下降趋势，菲律宾蛤仔养殖对水体中TP和PO43--P的消耗大于累积。随着壳长的增加，蛤仔净化效果表现为大规格>中规格>小规格，大规格蛤仔的滤水能力和适应能力强，中、小规格易受到环境的影响且成活率低于大规格。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To find out the variation of nitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand（COD）in the Ruditapes philippinarum cultivation. R. philippinarum were cultured in enclosed aquaculture water in the laboratory to simulate open aquaculture water for 30 days, setting three water volumes exchange situation（20%, 50%, 70%）and three specifications of experimental conditions, determinating and analyzing the variation of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD. The concentration of COD, NO3--N and NO2--N increased and NH4+-N showed a decreasing trend with the experimental period increased and the excreta of the organisms accumulated. The average concentration of total nitrogen （TN）under different exchange water conditions was 20% exchange water（1.889 mg·L-1）>50% exchange water（1.144 mg·L-1）>70% exchange water（0.918 mg·L-1）, with an increasing trend in total phosphorus（TP）at 20% exchange water and a decreasing trend at 50% and 70% exchange water. Under different culture specifications, the average rate of decrease of NH4+-N was large specification（84.80%）> medium and small specification（84.10% and 82.02%）; the average concentration of TN was large specification（1.568 mg·L-1）> medium specification（1.301 mg·L-1）>small specification（1.082 mg·L-1）>control group（0.261 mg·L-1）; the average TN concentrations were 26.42% in the large specification, 24.89% in the medium specification, and 21.55% in the small specification, respectively; and the average concentrations of TP were 26.42% in the large specification（0.147 8 mg·L-1）, 24.89% in the medium specification（0.126 0 mg·L-1）, and 21.55% in the small specification（0.098 3 mg·L-1）. The COD values of the experimental group were below than the secondary standard of the sea water quality standards. Under 20% water exchange conditions, R. philippinarum survival was high, nutrient concentrations accumulated more, and the three inorganic nitrogen concentrations changed the most significantly. TP and PO43--P concentrations showed a fluctuating downward trend under 50% and 70% water exchange, the R. philippinarum' consumption of TP andPO43--P is higher than accumulation of TP and PO43--P. With the increase of shell length, the purification effect of clams is large specification > medium specification > small specification, large specification clams have strong water filtration ability and adaptability, medium and small specification are easy to be affected by the environment and the survival rate is lower than that of large specification. |
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