| 王晓晶,刘会茹,李少轩,张东明,曹阳,吕家珑,代允超.不同措施对轻中度镉污染土壤小麦安全生产的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(5):1190-1198. |
| 不同措施对轻中度镉污染土壤小麦安全生产的影响 |
| Effects of different measures on safe production of wheat in mild to moderate cadmium contaminated soil |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0471 |
| 中文关键词: 轻中度Cd污染土壤 小麦 钝化剂 叶面阻控剂 安全生产 |
| 英文关键词: mild to moderate Cd contaminated soil wheat passivating agent foliar inhibitor safety production |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1700102）；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2024NC-ZDCYL-02-14）；陕西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目（2024NYGG011） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 王晓晶 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100
嘉兴市南湖区农渔技术推广站, 浙江 嘉兴 314051 | | | 刘会茹 | 宝鸡市农业技术推广服务中心, 陕西 宝鸡 721000 | | | 李少轩 | 安康市农业技术推广中心, 陕西 安康 725000 | | | 张东明 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 曹阳 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 吕家珑 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 代允超 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | daiyc2018@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究钝化剂和叶面阻控剂对镉（Cd）污染土壤安全利用效果，实现小麦安全生产，通过大田试验，设置施加生石灰2 100 kg·hm-2（C）、钙镁磷肥600 kg·hm-2（P）、有机肥3 450 kg·hm-2（OF）、生物炭2 100 kg·hm-2（B）、硅锌复合阻控剂600 L·hm-2（ SIZN）处理，筛选出最佳的安全利用措施。结果表明：施加钝化剂总体上有效改善了土壤质量。除SIZN处理外，钝化剂总体上可有效提升土壤pH值并降低有效态Cd含量。其中C处理效果最佳，分别使郑麦136和徐麦856土壤pH增加0.62个和0.30个单位，土壤有效态Cd含量减少20.14%和18.30%。在土壤Cd形态方面，施加钝化剂能够在一定程度上促进可交换态Cd向残渣态Cd转化。施用钝化剂和硅锌复合阻控剂后，郑麦136和徐麦856的籽粒产量均有不同程度提高。P处理降低郑麦136籽粒Cd含量效果最佳，较CK（喷施纯净水处理）降低69.78%；C处理降低徐麦856籽粒Cd含量效果最佳，较CK降低59.25%，且低于国家小麦安全生产标准（0.1 mg·kg-1，GB 2762—2022）。SIZN处理抑制Cd由秸秆向籽粒转运的效果最佳，郑麦136和徐麦856分别降低57.05%和59.91%；P处理降低郑麦136籽粒Cd富集系数效果最好，较CK降低65.79%，SIZN处理降低徐麦856籽粒Cd富集系数效果最佳，较CK降低58.06%。研究表明，综合考虑各项指标，钙镁磷肥、生石灰及叶面阻控剂能有效实现小麦的安全生产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the effect of passivating agents and foliar inhibitors on the safe utilization of cadmium（Cd）contaminated soil and to achieve the safe production of wheat, a field experiment was conducted. The treatments included the application of quicklime at 2 100 kg· hm-2（C）, calcium magnesium phosphate at 600 kg·hm-2（P）, organic fertilizer at 3 450 kg·hm-2（OF）, biochar at 2 100 kg·hm-2（B）, and silicon zinc composite inhibitor at 600 L · hm-2（SIZN）, to screen out the best safe utilization measures. The results showed that the application of passivating agents effectively improved the soil quality. Except for the SIZN treatment, passivating agents generally increased soil pH and reduced the available Cd content. Among them, the C treatment had the best effect, increasing the soil pH of Zhengmai136 and Xumai 856 by 0.62 and 0.30 units, reducing available Cd content by 20.14% and 18.30%.In terms of soil Cd form, the application of passivating agents can promote the conversion of exchangeable Cd to residual Cd to a certain extent. The application of passivating agents and foliar inhibitors resulted in increased grain yield in both varieties of Zhengmai 136 and Xumai 856. The P treatment was the most effective in reducing Cd content in Zhengmai 136 grains, which was 69.78% lower than CK（spraying pure water treatment）. The C treatment was the most effective in reducing the Cd content in the grains of Xumai 856, which was 59.25% lower than that of CK, and was also lower than the national wheat safety production standard of 0.1 mg·kg-1 （GB 2762—2022）. The SIZN treatment was most effective in inhibiting the transport of Cd from straw to grains in both Zhengmai 136 and Xumai 856, which decreased by 57.05% and 59.91%. The P treatment was most effective in reducing the Cd enrichment coefficient in Zhengmai 136 grain, which was 65.79% lower than that of CK, while the SIZN treatment was most effective in reducing the Cd enrichment coefficient in Xumai 856 grain, which was 58.06% lower than that of CK. Therefore, considering the indicators, calcium magnesium phosphate, lime and foliar inhibitors can realize the safe production of wheat. |
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