| 刘晓彤,孙源,赵营,罗健航,马英,张天鹏,刘欢,张学军,雷秋良.宁夏引黄灌区典型田块-沟渠水中氮素浓度的响应特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(5):1343-1352. |
| 宁夏引黄灌区典型田块-沟渠水中氮素浓度的响应特征 |
| Response characteristics of nitrogen concentration in farmland and irrigation ditches in the Yellow River water diversion irrigation area of Ningxia |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-23 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0352 |
| 中文关键词: 灌区 氮素 水田 旱地 时空特征 |
| 英文关键词: irrigated area nitrogen paddy field dryland spatio-temporal characteristics |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（U20A20114）；宁夏自然科学基金项目（2024AAC03370）；农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测项目（NAES091AE18） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘晓彤 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室, 银川 750002 | | | 孙源 | 宁夏回族自治区生态环境监测中心, 银川 750001 | | | 赵营 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室, 银川 750002 | | | 罗健航 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室, 银川 750002 | | | 马英 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室, 银川 750002 | | | 张天鹏 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 刘欢 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | | | 张学军 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 宁夏土壤与植物营养重点实验室, 银川 750002 | | | 雷秋良 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100081 | leiqiuliang@caas.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对灌区农田灌排与不同类型沟渠水质响应机理、各级沟渠水体氮素迁移以及不同类型农田浅层地下水与地表水响应机制不明晰的问题，本研究以宁夏引黄灌区青铜峡灌区中的典型水田和旱地为例，采用实地监测法，结合农业管理措施调研，分析不同类型农田与不同层级沟渠氮素浓度的响应关系，明确灌区不同类型农田氮素时空变化特征和影响因素。结果表明：在时间尺度上，水田和旱地不同层级沟渠总氮与施肥和灌溉时间响应较为明显，一般在施肥后的7~9 d总氮浓度可达到高峰；在空间尺度上，不同层级沟渠总氮浓度表现为田面水>旱地农沟>斗沟>水田农沟>挡浸沟，水田农沟、旱地农沟以及斗沟的不同断面氮素浓度均呈现上游>中游>下游的特点。随着地下水埋深的增加，总氮浓度降低，并表现为上游>中游>下游；浅层地下水总氮浓度与地表水总氮浓度的响应关系表现为滞后2~5 d。农田氮素输移与不同层级沟渠呈正相关性，浅层地下水、灌溉水、田面水、农沟、挡浸沟和斗沟之间存在明显的响应关系。通过合理控制水肥投入、控制地下水水位、减少农业源氮素输出，同时在不影响农田排水的情况下，将沟渠水保存有利于发挥排水沟的湿地生态效应，从而削减氮素浓度，使养分最大限度在农田系统内循环，可有效控制因农田退水引起的氮素面源污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In view of the unclear response mechanism of irrigation and drainage of farmland and water quality of different types of ditches, nitrogen migration of different levels of ditches, and the response mechanism of shallow groundwater and surface water of different types of farmland, this study takes typical paddy fields and drylands in Qingtongxia irrigation area of the Yellow River irrigation district of Ningxia as an example, and adopts field monitoring method combined with agricultural management measures to analyse the response relationship between the nitrogen concentration of different types of agricultural fields and ditches at different levels, and to clarify the characteristics of the temporal and spatial changes of nitrogen and the influencing factors of different types of agricultural fields, in order to provide a theoretical theory for the reasonable control of nitrogen non-point source pollution in Yellow River basin. The results show that on a temporal scale, the total nitrogen in paddy fields and dryland at different levels of ditches responds significantly to fertilization and irrigation, and the peak concentration of total nitrogen can generally be reached within 7-9 days after fertilization. The total nitrogen concentration in different levels of ditches showed that paddy field surface water>dryland agricultural ditch>combat ditch>paddy field agricultural ditches>submerged ditches, and the nitrogen concentration in paddy field agricultural ditches, dryland agricultural ditches, and combat ditch all show the characteristics of upstream>midstream>downstream. With the increase of groundwater burial depth, the total nitrogen concentration decreases and presents the characteristics of upstream>midstream>downstream. The response relationship between the total nitrogen concentration of shallow groundwater and that of surface water is delayed by 2-5 days. There is a positive correlation between nitrogen flux in fields and different levels of ditches, and a clear response relationship exists between shallow groundwater, irrigation water, surface water, farm ditches, ditches for preventing flooding and ditches for irrigation. By properly controlling water and fertilizer inputs, managing groundwater levels, reducing agricultural nitrogen output, and preserving ditch water while not affecting drainage in the fields, the wetland ecological effects of ditches can be effectively utilized to reduce nitrogen concentrations, and nutrients can be maximized within the field system for recycling, thereby effectively controlling nitrogen surface runoff pollution caused by field drainage. |
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