| 欧阳威,石常卿,逯颖,郝新,王磊,王谦.全球主要国家农田温室气体排放现状、减排措施及未来展望[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(7):1687-1696. |
| 全球主要国家农田温室气体排放现状、减排措施及未来展望 |
| The current situation，emission reduction measures and future prospects of greenhouse gas emissions from farmland in major countries worldwide |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-11 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0671 |
| 中文关键词: 农田生态系统 碳氮循环 面源污染 农田管理 微生物技术 |
| 英文关键词: cropland ecosystems carbon and nitrogen cycle non-point source pollution cropland management microbial technology |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项（2023YFE0100200）；国家自然科学基金联合基金项目（U21A2039）；生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心双碳课题项目（2024-09） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 欧阳威 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100875
北京师范大学环境与生态前沿交叉研究院, 广东省污水信息解析与预警重点实验室, 广东 珠海 519087 | | | 石常卿 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100875 | | | 逯颖 | 生态环境部卫星环境应用中心, 北京 100094 | | | 郝新 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100875 | | | 王磊 | 北京师范大学环境与生态前沿交叉研究院, 广东省污水信息解析与预警重点实验室, 广东 珠海 519087 | | | 王谦 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | wangqian@tcare-mee.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近30 a来，全球农业温室气体排放量持续增加，中国等主要农业国的减排至关重要。本研究基于统计与文献资料，分析了全球主要农业国家农田温室气体排放现状、影响因素及减排措施。结果表明：我国农田甲烷（CH4）排放量约2 065.68万t，其中水稻种植贡献41.9%；氧化亚氮（N2O）排放量为120.62万t，施肥贡献为43.6%。受温度、水量、土壤结构及作物品种影响，CH4排放主要集中于长江中下游地区，排放量约占全国的38.4%；N2O排放量则在中部地区相对较高，约占全国的32.6%。全球范围内，印度农业的CH4排放量最高（2 588.63万t），中国和巴西的二氧化碳（CO2）排放较为显著。实施减氮管理、使用硝化抑制剂、施用生物炭、节水灌溉和轮作等措施可不同程度降低温室气体排放量。基于上述分析，本文提出作物品种优化、生产要素全过程评价等精准管理策略，并建议加强农田环境因素研究，探索微生物机制和新技术在农田碳减排中的应用，为实现农田碳减排提供理论参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Over the past 30 years, global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions have continuously increased, making reduction efforts in major agricultural countries like China critically important. This study analyzes the current status, influencing factors, and reduction measures of greenhouse gas emissions from farmland in major agricultural countries worldwide, based on statistical data and literature. The results indicate that methane（CH4）emissions from Chinese farmland amount to approximately 20.656 8 million tons, with rice cultivation accounting for 41.9%; nitrous oxide（N2O） emissions are 1.206 2 million tons, with fertilization contributing 43.6%. Influenced by temperature, water quantity, soil structure and crop varieties, CH4 is predominantly concentrated in the middle - lower reaches of the Yangtze River, accounting for around 38.4% of the national amount. Meanwhile, N2O is relatively high in the central region, taking up approximately 32.6% of the national quantity. Globally, India′s agricultural sector has the highest CH4 emissions（25.886 3 million tons）, and the carbon dioxide（CO2） emissions in China and Brazil are relatively significant. Implementing measures such as nitrogen management, using nitrification inhibitors, applying biochar, water-saving irrigation, and crop rotation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to varying degrees. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes precise management strategies such as optimizing crop varieties and evaluating the entire production process, and recommends strengthening research on farmland environmental factors, exploring microbial mechanisms, and applying new technologies for carbon reduction in agriculture, providing theoretical references for achieving carbon reduction in farmland. |
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