大气沉降对冶炼厂周边土壤-构树铜镉富集的影响

崔红标; 王晓龙; 张威; 周俊; 周静

文章摘要

崔红标,王晓龙,张威,周俊,周静.大气沉降对冶炼厂周边土壤-构树铜镉富集的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(11):2913-2921.

大气沉降对冶炼厂周边土壤-构树铜镉富集的影响

Effects of atmospheric deposition on Cu-Cd enrichment in soil-Broussonetia papyrifera around a smelter

投稿时间：2024-12-31

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-1168

中文关键词: 大气沉降构树叶重金属污染土壤生物监测

英文关键词: atmospheric deposition Broussonetia papyrifera leaves heavy metal pollution soil biological monitoring

基金项目:煤炭安全精准开采国家地方联合工程研究中心开放基金项目（EC2023002）；安徽省自然科学基金面上项目（2208085MD87）

作者	单位	E-mail
崔红标	安徽理工大学地球与环境学院, 安徽淮南 232001
王晓龙	安徽理工大学地球与环境学院, 安徽淮南 232001
张威	安徽理工大学地球与环境学院, 安徽淮南 232001
周俊	中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 211135
周静	中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 211135	zhoujing@issas.ac.cn

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中文摘要:

为了解大气沉降对冶炼厂周边土壤和构树重金属富集的影响，通过监测铜冶炼厂周围8个距离相近点位大气中铜（Cu）和镉（Cd）的沉降情况，研究构树叶是否对大气沉降重金属具有生物指示作用。结果表明：冶炼厂周边Cu和Cd的沉降通量分别为103.85~1 450.60 mg·m^-2·a^-1和3.32~13.68 mg·m^-2·a^-1。风向对Cu和Cd的大气沉降有显著影响，其中冶炼厂主导下风向九牛岗（JN）位点的Cu和Cd沉降通量最高，长塘周家（CZ）位点最低。与GB15618—2018中Cu和Cd的风险筛选值相比，冶炼厂周边土壤Cu和Cd的点位超标率分别为87.5%和100%。JN位点土壤总Cu含量（636.48 mg·kg^-1）和总Cd含量（1.1 mg·kg^-1）最高，分别是GB 15618—2018风险筛选值的12.73倍和3.67倍。构树新叶和老叶中的Cu含量分别为9.24~45.60 mg·kg^-1和15.40~100.64 mg·kg^-1，Cd含量分别为0.02~0.27 mg·kg^-1和0.07~0.32 mg·kg^-1。大气沉降Cu显著影响土壤全Cu和离子交换态Cu，但是冶炼厂周边土壤全Cd和离子交换态Cd与大气沉降Cd相关性不显著，且构树叶片中Cu和Cd的含量与大气沉降Cu和Cd较土壤离子交换态Cu和Cd相关性更加显著。研究表明，构树新叶和老叶中Cu和Cd的吸收主要受大气沉降Cu和Cd的影响，构树叶对冶炼厂附近大气重金属沉降具有一定的生物指示作用。

英文摘要:

To understand the impact of atmospheric deposition on heavy metal enrichment in soil and Brassica campestris surrounding a copper smelter, we monitored the atmospheric deposition flux of copper（Cu）and cadmium（Cd）at eight locations around the smelter, and investigated whether the leaves of Brassica campestris can be served as bioindicators for atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. The results indicated that the deposition levels of Cu and Cd around the smelter ranged from 103.85 mg·m^-2·a^-1 to 1 450.60 mg·m^-2·a^-1 and from 3.32 mg·m^-2·a^-1 to 13.68 mg·m^-2·a^-1, respectively. Wind direction significantly influenced the atmospheric deposition flux of Cu and Cd, and the highest and lowest levels of Cu and Cd were found at JN（Jiuniugang, the smelter-dominated downwind）site and CJ （Changtang Zhoujia）site, respectively. Compared to the risk screening values of Cu and Cd in GB 15618—2018, the point exceedance rates of Cu and Cd in the soil surrounding the smelter were 87.5% and 100%, respectively. The total concentrations of Cu（636.48 mg·kg^-1） and Cd（1.1 mg·kg^-1）at the JN site were the highest which were 12.73 and 3.67 times higher than the risk screening values of Cu and Cd in GB 15618—2018, respectively. The Cu concentrations in the new and old leaves of Brassica campestris were 9.24-45.60 mg·kg^-1 and 15.40-100.64 mg·kg^-1, respectively, and 0.02-0.27 mg·kg^-1 and 0.07-0.32 mg·kg^-1 for Cd, respectively. Atmospheric deposition of Cu significantly affected soil total Cu and ion exchangeable Cu, but the correlation between soil total Cd and ion exchangeable Cd around smelter and atmospheric deposition Cd was not significant. The correlation between Cu and Cd concentrations in Brassica campestris leaves and atmospheric deposition Cu and Cd is more significant than that of soil ion exchangeable Cu and Cd. The results show that the absorption of Cu and Cd in the new and old leaves of Brassica campestris is mainly affected by atmospheric deposition of Cu and Cd, and the leaves of Brassica campestris have a certain biological indicator effect on the atmospheric deposition of heavy metal near smelters.

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