| 钱麟君,曹议丹,张彩军,司彤,于晓娜,张晓军,邹晓霞.分层施肥对花生田间氮素损失及吸收利用的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(11):2956-2966. |
| 分层施肥对花生田间氮素损失及吸收利用的影响 |
| Effects of layered fertilization on nitrogen loss，absorption and utilization in peanut fields |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-28 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0446 |
| 中文关键词: 分层施肥 氨挥发 土壤剖面氮素分布 花生产量 肥料利用效率 |
| 英文关键词: layered fertilization ammonia volatilization distribution of nitrogen in soil profile peanut yield fertilizer use efficiency |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-13）；青岛市科技创新战略研究计划项目（24-1-7-zlyj-14-zhc） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 钱麟君 | 青岛农业大学, 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室/山东省花生产业协同创新中心, 山东 青岛 266109 | | | 曹议丹 | 青岛农业大学, 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室/山东省花生产业协同创新中心, 山东 青岛 266109 | | | 张彩军 | 青岛和协生物科技有限公司, 山东 青岛 266200 | | | 司彤 | 青岛农业大学, 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室/山东省花生产业协同创新中心, 山东 青岛 266109 | | | 于晓娜 | 青岛农业大学, 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室/山东省花生产业协同创新中心, 山东 青岛 266109 | | | 张晓军 | 青岛农业大学, 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室/山东省花生产业协同创新中心, 山东 青岛 266109 | | | 邹晓霞 | 青岛农业大学, 山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室/山东省花生产业协同创新中心, 山东 青岛 266109 | xxzou@qau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究不同分层施肥管理下花生田间氮素损失和吸收利用情况，于2019—2020年在青岛农业大学莱阳试验站开展田间试验，以“青花7号”花生品种为供试材料，以常规旋耕施肥为对照，研究了2层和3层施肥处理下不减肥、减肥10%和减肥20% 3个施肥量对田间氨挥发、土壤剖面氮素分布、植株氮素积累及氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明：在相同施肥量下，2层施肥和3层施肥的累积氨挥发量无显著差异，但分层不减肥、减肥10%和减肥20%较常规旋耕施肥的累积氨挥发量分别平均降低15.21%、20.66%和23.62%；各处理土壤氮素均主要以硝态氮的形式向深层迁移，分层施肥较常规旋耕施肥存在更高的氮素损失风险，且相同施肥量下2层施肥氮素损失风险高于3层施肥；分层施肥显著提高了花生植株氮素积累量，其中以不减肥处理效果最显著，分别在2019年和2020年较常规旋耕施肥提高23.57%~29.95%和34.59%~35.40%；分层施肥可明显提高花生产量，其中，在2019年和2020年，2层不减肥、2层减肥10%、3层不减肥花生产量较常规旋耕施肥分别提升20.12%、18.34%、23.08%和26.23%、22.07%、25.00%，但相同施肥量下2层和3层施肥处理无显著差异；分层施肥处理下肥料偏生产力、肥料农学效率、肥料贡献率和肥料利用效率均高于常规旋耕施肥，在2019年分别提升20.07%~42.73%、79.27%~104.92%、8.23~14.59个百分点和5.53~18.16个百分点，在2020年分别提升25.00%~35.66%、52.08%~114.58%、3.69~15.85个百分点和3.73~17.67个百分点。研究表明，分层施肥在缓解农田氨挥发和花生增产方面作用显著，但存在一定的氮素损失风险，最底层的施肥深度可适当调减；结合农机作业能耗成本，生产上推荐采用2层不减肥或减肥10%的施肥方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the nitrogen loss, absorption and utilization in peanut fields under different layered fertilization（LF）, a field experiment was conducted at the Laiyang Experimental Station of Qingdao Agricultural University in 2019—2020. The peanut variety ‘Qinghua 7’was used as the test material, and conventional broadcast fertilization（CBF）was used as the control. The effects of double-layered fertilization（DLF）and triple-layered fertilization（TLF）with no fertilizer reduction, 10%, and 20% reduction of fertilizer on ammonia volatilization, distribution of nitrogen in soil profile, plant nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency were studied. This study found that there was no significant difference in the cumulative ammonia volatilization between DLF and TLF with the same fertilizer amount, but, LF with zero, 10%, and 20% reduction was decreased by 15.21%, 20.66%, and 23.62% on average compared with CBF, respectively. Nitrogen loss occurred mainly in the form of nitrate nitrogen under all treatments. The risk of nitrogen leaching was higher under LF than CBF, and the nitrogen leaching of DLF was higher than that of TLF under the same fertilization amount. LF significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation in peanut plants, and the most significant effects was observed under the zero fertilizer reduction treatments. Compared to conventional rotary tillage fertilization, zero fertilizer reduction treatments enhanced nitrogen accumulation by 23.57%-29.95% in 2019 and 34.59%-35.40% in 2020. LF significantly increases peanut yield, and the peanut yield under DLF with zero and 10% reduction and TLF with zero reduction was increased by 20.12%, 18.34%, and 23.08% in 2019, and by 26.23%, 22.07%, and 25.00% in 2020, compared with CBF. However, there was no significant difference between DLF and TLF with the same fertilization amount. Fertilizer partial productivity, agronomic efficiency, fertilizer contribution rate and nitrogen use efficiency under LF were higher than those under CBF, and increased by 20.07%-42.73%, 79.27%-104.92%, 8.23-14.59 percentage point and 5.53- 18.16 percentage point in 2019, respectively, and by 25.00%-35.66%, 52.08%-114.58%, 3.69-15.85 percentage points and 3.73-17.67 percentage points in 2020, respectively. In conclusion, LF plays a significant role in alleviating ammonia volatilization and increasing peanut yield, but there is a certain risk of leaching. And the depth of fertilization at the bottom layer should be appropriately adjusted. Considering the energy consumption cost of agricultural machinery, it is recommended to use the DLF with zero and 10% fertilizer reduction in production. |
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