| 张卫红,徐宇宙,刘晓彤,孙源,马英,周瑞娟,赵营,刘欢,张学军,张天鹏,雷秋良.黄河流域宁夏段典型干沟入黄断面污染物时空变化特征及影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(11):2967-2980. |
| 黄河流域宁夏段典型干沟入黄断面污染物时空变化特征及影响因素 |
| Characteristics of spatial and temporal variations of pollutants in typical drainage ditches in the Yellow River Basin，Ningxia Section，and their influencing factors |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-02 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-1049 |
| 中文关键词: 黄河流域 入黄干沟 污染物 时空变化 主成分分析 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词: Yellow River basin drainage ditches pollutants spatial and temporal variability principal component analysis influencing factors |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（U20A20114）；农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测（NAES091AE18）；宁夏回族自治区水生态与大气环境质量监测评估重点实验室（2023ZDJS004） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张卫红 | 宁夏回族自治区环境监测中心站, 银川 750011 | | | 徐宇宙 | 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100 | | | 刘晓彤 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川 750002 | | | 孙源 | 宁夏回族自治区环境监测中心站, 银川 750011 | | | 马英 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川 750002 | | | 周瑞娟 | 宁夏回族自治区环境监测中心站, 银川 750011 | | | 赵营 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川 750002 | | | 刘欢 | 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室/北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 张学军 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 银川 750002 | zhxjun2002@163.com | | 张天鹏 | 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室/北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 雷秋良 | 农业农村部面源污染控制重点实验室/北京昌平土壤质量国家野外科学观测研究站/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室, 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究“十四五”综合治理期间黄河流域宁夏段干沟入黄断面污染物时空特征及影响因素，以2019—2023年3条典型入黄干沟监测断面为研究对象，分析其总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH3-N）、总磷（TP）等10个指标的时空变化特征及相关性，并根据主成分分析对监测断面进行综合评价。结果表明：时间尺度上，3条入黄干沟TN和NH3-N变化趋势相同，在灌溉期分别有低峰0.67 mg·L-1和0.02 mg·L-1，在非灌溉期分别有高峰9.70 mg·L-1和4.71 mg·L-1；TP、高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）、化学需氧量（COD）和生化需氧量（BOD）的高峰出现在灌溉期，分别为0.428、12.2、44.3 mg·L-1和5.9 mg·L-1。空间尺度上，与2019年相比，2023年3条入黄干沟的TN和NH3-N浓度平均降低了35.79%和60.24%，TP浓度平均降低了53.79%，COD、BOD和CODMn浓度平均降低了35.90%、31.75%和31.06%，中干沟各污染物平均降幅最大，为58.78%，罗家河平均降幅最小，为22.87%，而第五排水沟平均降幅为42.61%。自然因素上，3条入黄干沟都表现出TN与水温呈显著负相关（P<0.05），与溶解氧（DO）呈显著正相关（P<0.05），即水温和DO分别促进和抑制了TN的去除。人为因素上，3条入黄干沟水质主要受种植业化肥、养殖废水和生活污水影响。主成分分析结果显示，2023年3条入黄干沟的NH3-N和BOD降为非主要影响因子，即3条入黄干沟的氮素及可生物降解有机物浓度降低。研究表明，“十四五”期间3条入黄干沟水质明显改善，水质由2019年的Ⅳ类或劣Ⅴ类改善至2023年的Ⅱ类至Ⅲ类。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of pollutants and the factors affecting them in the Yellow River cross sections of the drainage ditches in the Ningxia section of the Yellow River Basin during the“14th Five-Year Plan”comprehensive management period, three typical monitoring cross sections of the drainage ditches in the Yellow River Basin were taken as the objects of the study in the period of 2019—2023 to analyse the spatial and temporal changes in 10 indicators, including total nitrogen（TN）, ammonia nitrogen（NH3-N）and total phosphorus（TP）, and to evaluate the monitoring cross sections based on principal component analysis. Characteristics and correlation of 10 indicators, including TN, NH3-N and TP, were analysed, and the monitoring section was comprehensively evaluated according to principal component analysis. The results showed that: on the time scale, TN and NH3-N varied in the three drainage ditches with the same trend, with low peaks of 0.67 mg·L-1 and 0.02 mg·L-1 during the irrigation period, and high peaks of 9.70 mg·L-1 and 4.71 mg·L-1 during the non-irrigation period; and the peaks of TP, permanganate index（CODMn）, chemical oxygen demand（COD）and biochemical oxygen demand（BOD）appeared during the irrigation period, with the respective values of 0.428, 12.2, 44.3 mg·L-1 and 5.9 mg·L-1. On the spatial scale, TN and NH3-N concentrations decreased by an average of 35.79% and 60.24%, TP concentrations decreased by an average of 53.79%, and COD, BOD, and CODMn concentrations decreased by an average of 35.90%, 31.75% and 31.06% in 2023 compared to 2019 in the three drainage ditches that feed into the Yellow River. In 2023, pollutants in the Zhonggan Ditch decreased by a maximum of 58.78%, the Luojia Ditch decreased by a minimum of 22.87%, while Wupai Ditch decreased by 42.61%. In terms of natural factors, all three drainage ditches into the Yellow River showed a significant negative correlation（P<0.05） between TN and water temperature, and a significant positive correlation（P<0.05）with dissolved oxygen（DO）, i.e., water temperature and DO promoted and inhibited TN removal, respectively. In terms of anthropogenic factors, the water quality of the three drainage ditches into the Yellow River were mainly affected by plantation fertilisers, aquaculture wastewater and domestic sewage. The results of principal component analysis showed that NH3-N and BOD decreased as non-major influencing factors in 2023, i. e., nitrogen and biodegradable organic matter concentrations decreased in the three drainage ditches into the Yellow River. Overall, during the“14th Five-Year Plan” period, the water quality of the three drainage ditches into the Yellow River improved significantly, with the water quality improving from Class Ⅳ or inferior Class Ⅴ in 2019 to Class Ⅱ to Class Ⅲ in 2023. |
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