| 向子仪,刘雨欣,王慧,杨殿林,张海芳,赵建宁,张艳军.人工花草带对集约化玉米田内步甲多样性及其控害效能的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(12):3041-3052. |
| 人工花草带对集约化玉米田内步甲多样性及其控害效能的影响 |
| Effects of artificial flower and grass strips on carabid diversity and pest control in intensive maize fields |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-26 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0185 |
| 中文关键词: 非作物生境管理 生物多样性 天敌昆虫 生态调控 集约化粮田 |
| 英文关键词: non-crop habitat management biodiversity natural enemy insects ecological regulation intensive cereal farming |
| 基金项目:天津市自然科学基金项目（24JCYBJC00640）；国家自然科学基金项目（32271651）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（农业农村部环境保护科研监测所）；面向可持续发展的中国农业生态系统创新性转型项目（GCP/CPR/065/GFF） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究高度集约化玉米种植系统中人工花草带保育地表步甲进而防控田内害虫的生态过程及效能，本研究选取华北典型玉米产区为研究区域，采用陷阱法监测人工花草带、毗邻玉米田及二者形成的交界处步甲群落的多样性，同时结合天敌捕食效能与爬行能力测试，比较了曾栖息于人工花草带与对照条带内的步甲的捕食能力与爬行速度的差异，探究人工花草带构建对集约化玉米种植系统内步甲多样性、迁移和捕食的影响，进而评估生态措施对玉米害虫防控与玉米产量的影响效果。结果表明：与种植玉米的对照条带相比，人工花草带可显著增加步甲的丰富度与多度，分别增加了 1.67 倍和 1.59倍。人工花草带与玉米田形成的交界处步甲多度显著高于毗邻玉米田内距人工花草带 10 m 处，且步甲多度随取样距离的增加而递减，表现出溢出效应。与对照条带相比，人工花草带显著增加广屁步甲（Pheropsophus occipitalis）的捕食能力，平均增加了39.92%。最终，人工花草带显著降低了毗邻玉米田内总害虫种群数量（降低率为48.31%），并显著增加了玉米单位面积产量（增加率为13.32%）。研究表明，在集约化玉米田边种植人工花草带可保育步甲多样性，增强部分天敌步甲的捕食能力，减少玉米田害虫发生，促进玉米产量增加。本研究凸显了人工花草带在集约化粮田系统中保育天敌、促进生态防控害虫的潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the ecological processes and effectiveness of artificial flower strips in enhancing surface-dwelling beetle populations in highly intensified maize cropping systems. A typical maize production region in north China was selected for the study. Pitfall traps were used to monitor beetle community diversity in artificial flower and grass strips, adjacent maize fields, and the junction between the two. In addition, the predation efficiency and crawling ability of natural enemies were tested. The study compared the differences in predation efficiency and crawling speed of beetles that had inhabited artificial flower and grass strips and control strips. The effects of artificial flower and grass strip establishment on beetle diversity, migration, and predation effectiveness within intensive maize cropping systems were assessed, along with the impact of these ecological measures on pest control and maize yield. Compared with the control strips planted with maize, artificial flower and grass strips significantly increased beetle richness and abundance, with increases of 1.67 times and 1.59 times, respectively. The beetle abundance at the junction between the artificial flower and grass strip and maize field was significantly higher than that in the maize field 10 meters from the artificial flower and grass strip, and beetle abundance decreased with increasing distance from the artificial flower and grass strip, exhibiting an overflow effect. Compared to the control strip, artificial flower and grass strips significantly enhanced the predation efficiency of P. occipitalis beetles, with a 39.92% increase on average. Ultimately, artificial flower and grass strips significantly reduced total pest populations in adjacent maize fields by 48.31% and increased maize yield per unit area by 13.32%. Overall, The establishment of artificial flower and grass strips at the edges of intensive maize fields can conserve beetle biodiversity, enhance the predation capacity of certain beetle species, reduce pest occurrences, and improve maize yield. This study highlights the potential of artificial flower and grass strips in protecting natural enemies for ecological pest control in intensive cereal farming. |
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