| 顾闻琦,孙媛媛,吴迪,孙雯,王欣,刘子凡,王文佳,张伟明,陈温福.秸秆及其炭化还田对北方稻田土壤团聚体形成及其固碳、供养能力的促进作用与机制[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(12):3138-3149. |
| 秸秆及其炭化还田对北方稻田土壤团聚体形成及其固碳、供养能力的促进作用与机制 |
| Effects and mechanisms of straw and its carbonization incorporation on paddy soil aggregate formation, carbon sequestration and nutrient supply capacity in northeast China |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-28 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-1156 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 生物炭 土壤团聚体 有机碳组分 土壤肥力 |
| 英文关键词: straw incorporation biochar soil aggregates organic carbon fractions soil fertility |
| 基金项目:黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项（XDA28090300）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFD1501200）；稻田生物炭基培肥产品的研制与施用技术项目（2016YFD0300904-4）；院士专项基金项目 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 顾闻琦 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | | | 孙媛媛 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | | | 吴迪 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | | | 孙雯 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | | | 王欣 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | | | 刘子凡 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | | | 王文佳 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | | | 张伟明 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | biochar_zwm@syau.edu.cn | | 陈温福 | 沈阳农业大学农学院, 辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心, 沈阳 110866 | wfchen5512@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确秸秆及其炭化还田对北方稻田土壤团聚体形成、稳定性及其固碳、供养能力的影响，采用大田长期定位试验方法，设置常规施肥（CF）、秸秆还田（RS）、秸秆炭化还田[生物炭（RB）、炭基肥（BF）]处理，研究土壤团聚体分布、稳定性及其养分、有机碳组分和碳转化相关酶活性等的变化，明确秸秆及其炭化还田对土壤团聚体固碳、供养能力的影响，揭示其调控团聚体形成及稳定性的主要因子及路径。结果表明：秸秆及其炭化还田可显著提高土壤大团聚体（>0.25 mm）含量，RB、RS、BF处理分别比CF提高40.83%、37.78%和24.97%，并显著提升土壤团聚体稳定性，大团聚体中分子间缔合羟基、甲基、醚键吸收峰强度增加，促进了大团聚体形成和稳定。同时，秸秆及其炭化还田可提高土壤及团聚体中有机碳（SOC）含量并改变其组分，协同提升土壤活性有机碳[颗粒有机碳（POC）、轻组有机碳（LFOC）]和惰性有机碳[矿物结合态碳（MAOC）、重组有机碳（HFOC）]，其中RS处理对POC具有显著促进作用，而RB处理对提高LFOC、HFOC、MAOC的作用更强。此外，RB处理对纤维二糖水解酶（S-C1）、多酚氧化酶（S-PPO）、过氧化物酶（S-POD），BF处理对S-C1、S-POD及RS处理对S-PPO在土壤及大团聚体中的协同提高，促进了土壤固碳及碳转化。秸秆及其炭化还田对土壤及团聚体中氮、磷、钾含量也表现出一定促进作用，其中大团聚体是养分的主要载体。进一步分析表明，LFOC、S-PPO是造成团聚体不同粒级间差异的主要因子，而SOC、HFOC、S-PPO、S-C1、全钾（TK）是不同处理间产生差异的主要因子。MAOC、HFOC可直接驱动土壤大团聚体形成，而土壤养分、土壤酶及不同有机碳组分可通过直接和间接途径提升土壤团聚体稳定性。研究表明，秸秆及其炭化还田可通过调控养分、SOC及其组分，以及碳转化相关酶活性提高北方稻田土壤团聚体固碳、供养能力，促进大团聚体形成和团聚体稳定性提高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the impacts of straw incorporation and its carbonization on paddy soil aggregate formation, stability, carbon sequestration, and nutrient-supplying capacity in northeast China, we established a long-term field experiment comparing chemical fertilizer（CF）, rice straw（RS）, rice straw biochar（RB）, and biochar-based fertilizer（BF）treatments. We examined aggregate distribution and stability, nutrient content, organic carbon fractions, and carbon conversion-related enzyme activities. The results revealed that straw incorporation and its carbonization significantly enhanced macroaggregate formation, with RB, RS, and BF treatments increasing macroaggregates by 40.83%, 37.78%, and 24.97%, respectively, compared to CF, while substantially improving aggregate stability. Notably, the intensity of —OH, —CH3, and C—O—C absorption peaks in macroaggregates increased, facilitating macroaggregate formation and stabilization. Meanwhile, the treatments enhanced soil organic carbon（SOC）content and altered its fractions, synergistically increasing both soil reactive organic carbon（particulate organic carbon（POC）, light fraction organic carbon（LFOC））and inert organic carbon （mineral-associated carbon（MAOC）, heavy fraction organic carbon（HFOC））. RS treatment exhibited significant enhancement of POC, whereas RB demonstrated superior performance in elevating LFOC, HFOC, and MAOC compared to other treatments. Additionally, Synergistic enhancement of β-1, 4-glucanase（S-C1）, polyphenol oxidase（S-PPO）and peroxidase（S-POD）by RB, S-C1 and S-POD by BF, and S-PPO by RS in soil and macroaggregates, facilitating soil carbon sequestration and transformation. The treatments also demonstrated positive effects on nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content, with macroaggregates serving as primary nutrient repositories. Further analysis showed that LFOC and S-PPO emerged as primary factors influencing soil aggregate size distribution, while treatment differences were predominantly driven by SOC, HFOC, S-PPO, S-C1, and total potassium（TK）. MAOC and HFOC could directly drive soil macroaggregate formation. Whereas, soil nutrients, soil enzymes, and different carbon fractions could improve soil aggregate stability through direct and indirect pathways. Research indicates that straw and its carbonization incorporation can enhance soil carbon sequestration and nutrient supply capacities in northern paddy soils by regulating soil nutrients, SOC and its fractions, and carbon transformation-related enzyme activities. This promotes macroaggregate formation and improves aggregate stability. |
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