| 袁宇奇,李毅杰,王晓宇,孟维彩,刘陵桦,杨帆,蔡翠婷,侯晓龙.西南煤矸石堆场植被恢复过程中土壤理化性质及细菌的演变[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(12):3150-3161. |
| 西南煤矸石堆场植被恢复过程中土壤理化性质及细菌的演变 |
| Evolution of soil physicochemical properties and bacteria during vegetation restoration in coal gangue dumps in southwest China |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0525 |
| 中文关键词: 露天煤矿 植被恢复 土壤理化性质 细菌群落 细菌共现网络 |
| 英文关键词: open-pit coal mine vegetation restoration soil physicochemical properties microbial communities bacterial co-occurrence network |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFF130440304）；福建省科技厅自然科学基金项目（2022J01121） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 袁宇奇 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002 | | | 李毅杰 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002 | | | 王晓宇 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002 | | | 孟维彩 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002 | | | 刘陵桦 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002 | | | 杨帆 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002 | | | 蔡翠婷 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002 | | | 侯晓龙 | 福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002
福建长汀红壤丘陵生态系统定位观测研究站, 福建 长汀 366300
海峡两岸红壤区水土保持协同创新中心, 福州 350002 | xl.hou@fafu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究煤矸石堆场植物恢复过程中土壤及其细菌特征的变化，以黔西南州兴仁市露天煤矿煤矸石堆场为研究对象，采用典型功能区划和标准样方S型混合采样的方法，调查分析煤矸石堆场4个不同恢复区[煤矸石堆区（弃渣区）、覆土区、植物修复区和未开采对照区]的土壤理化性质，并采用高通量测序技术分析土壤细菌群落组成及多样性。结果表明：煤矸石堆存在显著的土壤酸化问题，最小pH仅为2.94（弃渣区）。随着植被的恢复，土壤pH呈上升趋势，但植物修复区（4.87）仍显著小于未开采对照区（6.45）（P<0.05）；土壤容重呈下降趋势，土壤养分含量则呈逐渐增加趋势，植物修复区土壤全氮、全钾、有效氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量均显著大于弃渣区（P<0.05）。随着植被的恢复，土壤细菌群落丰度及Alpha多样性呈增加趋势；土壤中放线菌门、绿弯菌门、酸微菌纲、放线菌纲等相对丰度先降低后增加，而变形菌门、拟杆菌门、γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、拟杆菌纲等相对丰度降低；土壤pH、全钾是影响植被恢复过程中细菌群落变化的主要环境因子，而全碳、含水率是影响细菌门类群的关键环境因子；植被恢复提高了土壤细菌网络的节点数、平均聚类系数、相对模块化程度，进而提高了细菌群落结构的稳定性。研究表明，矿区的植被恢复改善了土壤的理化性质，并且增加了放线菌门、绿弯菌门等土壤细菌群落，提高了总体细菌群落的稳定性， |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate changes in soil and bacterial characteristics during revegetation of coal gangue dump sites, a study focusing on a coal gangue dump site of an open-pit coal mine in Xingren City, southwest Guizhou, was conducted. The study employed a functional zoning approach combined with standard quadrat-based S-shaped composite sampling. Soil physicochemical properties were assessed across four distinct restoration zones（raw gangue piles（waste rock dump）, soil overlay region, revegetated area, and undisturbed zone）. The composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that significant soil acidification occurred in the coal gangue pile, with a minimum pH of only 2.94（waste rock dump）. Following vegetation restoration, soil pH increased, although the pH in the revegetated area（4.87）remained significantly lower than that in the undisturbed zone（6.45）（P<0.05）. Soil bulk density decreased, while soil nutrient content increased gradually. Specifically, the contents of total nitrogen（TN）, total potassium（TK）, available nitrogen（AN）, available phosphorus（AP）, and available potassium（AK）in the revegetated area soil were all significantly higher than those in the waste rock dump（P<0.05）.Soil bacterial community abundance and alpha diversity increased with vegetation restoration. With vegetation restoration, the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidimicrobiia, and Actinobacteria initially decrease and then increase, whereas those of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidia decline. Soil pH and TK were identified as the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community changes during vegetation restoration, whereas total carbon（TC）and moisture content（MC）were key factors influencing the composition at the phylum level.Vegetation restoration enhanced the number of nodes, average clustering coefficient, and modularity index of the soil bacterial co-occurrence network, thereby improving the stability of the bacterial community structure. In conclusion, vegetation restoration in the mining area improved soil physicochemical properties, increased the relative abundance of bacterial phyla such as Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi, enhanced the stability of the overall bacterial community, and promoted the gradual improvement of the soil environment. |
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