| 阿合古丽·努尔布拉提,曾希柏,文炯,张洋,徐冰倩,张苗,王亚男.培肥措施对贫瘠红壤稻田肥力的影响及其评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(12):3200-3210. |
| 培肥措施对贫瘠红壤稻田肥力的影响及其评价 |
| Effects and evaluation of fertility improvement measures on the fertility of depleted red soil paddy fields |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-27 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-1155 |
| 中文关键词: 有机肥 贫瘠红壤稻田 土壤肥力 培肥 |
| 英文关键词: organic fertilizer impoverished red soil paddy fields soil fertility fertilization measures |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD190120303）；江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目（20223BBF61020）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-2021-IEDA） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 阿合古丽·努尔布拉提 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南 岳阳 414000 | | | 曾希柏 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南 岳阳 414000 | | | 文炯 | 国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南 岳阳 414000
岳阳市农业科学研究院, 湖南 岳阳 414000 | | | 张洋 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南 岳阳 414000 | | | 徐冰倩 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南 岳阳 414000 | | | 张苗 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南 岳阳 414000 | | | 王亚男 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南 岳阳 414000 | wangyanan@caas.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以湖南岳阳第四纪红壤发育的贫瘠稻田为对象，探究不同培肥处理对土壤肥力的影响，并应用综合肥力指数（BIF）评价不同处理培肥土壤的效果。基于田间试验，设置不施肥、施有机肥、冬种紫云英、秸秆还田等处理，分析不同处理土壤理化性质、酶活性、微生物丰度和微生物量碳氮等的变化，采用主成分分析法建立最小数据集（MDS），应用隶属度函数模型和BIF计算评价不同处理下土壤的综合肥力。结果显示：不同培肥措施均一定程度提高了土壤的综合肥力，与单施化肥（NPK）处理相比，施用氮磷钾化肥并用猪粪替代40%氮素（NPKM1）处理下土壤碱解氮（AN）、有效磷（AP）和微生物量碳含量均显著提高，其提升幅度分别为 92.1%、17.1%和 75.3%，且土壤脲酶（Urease）、α-1，4-葡糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨肽酶的活性亦有一定幅度增强，但该处理显著降低了β-1，4-葡糖苷酶（βG）和β-1，4-N-乙酰基氨基葡萄糖酐酶的活性。施用氮磷钾化肥并用发酵菜籽饼肥替代40%氮肥且秸秆发酵还田处理下，细菌、真菌和古菌的数量丰度相对较高。根据相关结果，构建了由土壤可溶性有机碳、AN、铵态氮、AP、容重、βG、酸性磷酸酶、Urease和细菌数量丰度等9个指标组成的MDS，以评价不同处理下土壤综合肥力的提升效果，发现NPKM1处理效果最好，指标值为0.743；施用氮磷钾化肥并早稻秸秆粉碎还田且种植紫云英还田处理下产量最高，为4 707.52 kg·hm-2。综上，对洞庭湖区贫瘠红壤稻田而言，在施用氮磷钾化肥的基础上，施用替代40%氮的猪粪能够达到肥力和产量协同提升的目的，紫云英与秸秆还田联合施用可以达到最好的增产效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The study was conducted on infertile paddy fields developed from Quaternary red soil in Yueyang, Hunan Province, to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil fertility. The effectiveness of soil fertilization under different treatments was evaluated using the comprehensive fertility index（BIF）. Based on field experiments, treatments including no fertilization, organic fertilizer application, winter planting of Chinese milk vetch, and straw return were set up. Changes in soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial abundance, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under different treatments were analyzed. The minimum data set（MDS） was established using principal component analysis, and the comprehensive soil fertility under different treatments was evaluated using the membership function model and the BIF calculation.Different fertilization measures all improve soil comprehensive fertility to varying degrees. Compared with the treatment of applying only chemical fertilizers（NPK）, the treatment of applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers combined with replacing 40% of nitrogen with pig manure（NPKM1）significantly increases soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen（AN）, available phosphorus（AP）, and microbial biomass carbon content by 92.1%, 17.1%, and 75.3%, respectively. The activities of soil urease, α-1, 4-glucosidase, and leucine aminopeptidase are also enhanced to some extent under this treatment. However, the activities of β-1, 4-glucosidase（βG）and β-1, 4-N-acetylglucosaminidase are significantly reduced. Under the treatment of applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers combined with replacing 40% of nitrogen with fermented rapeseed cake fertilizer and returning fermented straw to the field, the abundance of bacteria, fungi, and archaea is relatively higher. Based on the relevant results, MDS consisting of nine indicators, including soil soluble organic carbon, AN, ammonium nitrogen, AP, bulk density, βG, acid phosphatase, urease, and bacterial abundance, is constructed to evaluate the improvement of soil comprehensive fertility under different treatments. It is found that the NPKM1 treatment performs the best, with an index value of 0.743. The treatment of applying nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers combined with returning crushed early rice straw and planting Chinese milk vetch achieves the highest yield, reaching 4 707.52 kg·hm-2. For the barren red clay rice fields in the Dongting Lake area, applying pig manure to replace 40% of the nitrogen, based on the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, achieves a synergistic increase in fertility and yield. The combined application of alfalfa and straw returning to the fields achieves the best yield increase effect. |
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