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| 蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭配施对土壤重金属镉形态转化及玉米产量品质的影响 |
| The effect of combined application of vermicompost organic fertilizer and biochar on the speciation transformation of cadmium in soil and corn yield and quality |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-11 修订日期：2026-02-08 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 配施 蚯蚓粪有机肥 生物炭 重金属污染 作物产量与品质 |
| 英文关键词: co-application vermicompost organic fertilizer biochar heavy metal contamination crop yield and quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41907033,41977125)；广东省自然科学基金(2024A1515010766,2023A1515012225,2022A1515010630,2022A1515010867) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭剂量配施对镉污染土壤中镉生物有效性、玉米产量及品质的影响,以华珍超甜玉米(Zea mays L. var. saccharata cv. ‘Huazhen’),试验设6个处理：(1)不施肥对照(CK)；(2)单施有机肥(OF)；(3)单施生物炭(BC)；(4)有机肥与生物炭质量比9:1(OF+BC1)；(5)有机肥与生物炭质量比3:1(OF+BC2)；(6)有机肥与生物炭质量比1:1(OF+BC3)。明确了配施处理对土壤理化性质、Cd形态分布、玉米籽粒Cd的累积、玉米产量以及土壤微生物群落结构的变化情况。结果表明：蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭配施主要通过提高土壤pH、有机质、全氮含量和阳离子交换量,促进土壤中生物有效性高的酸可溶态Cd向稳定的残渣态转化,其中OF+BC1处理(有机肥与生物炭质量比9:1)改善效果最佳,实现了最高产量(12040 kg.hm-2)和较优的营养品质(可溶性糖123.77 mg.kg-1,维生素C109.37 mg.kg-1),籽粒Cd含量降至0.081 mg.kg-1(较CK降低42.96%)。实验结束时,施肥处理的土壤pH提升至6.31~6.89,SOM提升至22~30 g.kg-1,全氮含量和阳离子交换量分别提升了8%~35%、20.5%~54.5%。同时,施加蚯蚓粪有机肥和生物炭处理的酸可提取态镉下降到20.5%~30.2%,而残渣态镉含量(40.5%~52%)显著高于未施肥的土壤(12.5%)。施肥处理后,土壤微生物群落结构多样性有显著的差异,不同施肥处理的Ace指数和Chao1指数大小依次为：OF+BC1>OF+BC3>OF+BC2>OF>BC>CK；土壤中优势细菌酸杆菌科(Acidobacteriaceae)、根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)、黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)、链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)的丰度也得以提升。OF、BC、OF+BC1、OF+BC2、OF+BC3处理的提升效果(四种优势菌相对丰度之和)分别为：19.13%、20.85%、37.35%、26.92%、19.83%,其中OF+BC1处理对土壤微生物群落结构的影响最大。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of combined application of vermicompost organic fertilizer and biochar on cadmium bioavailability, maize yield, and quality in cadmium-contaminated soil, Huazhen supersweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata cv. "Huazhen") was used. The experiment included six treatments: (1) no fertilizer control (CK); (2) organic fertilizer alone (OF); (3) biochar alone (BC); (4) organic fertilizer and biochar with a mass ratio of 9:1 (OF+BC1); (5) organic fertilizer and biochar with a mass ratio of 3:1 (OF+BC2); (6) organic fertilizer and biochar with a mass ratio of 1:1 (OF+BC3). The effects of combined application on soil physicochemical properties, Cd speciation distribution, Cd accumulation in maize grains, maize yield, and changes in soil microbial community structure were clarified. The results showed that the combined application of vermicompost organic fertilizer and biochar primarily increased soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen content, and cation exchange capacity, promoting the transformation of highly bioavailable acid-soluble Cd to stable residual Cd. Among the treatments, OF+BC1 (organic fertilizer and biochar with a mass ratio of 9:1) exhibited the best improvement effect, achieving the highest yield (12,040 kg.ha-1) and optimal nutritional quality (soluble sugar 123.77 mg.kg-1, vitamin C 109.37 mg.kg-1), with grain Cd content reduced to 0.081 mg.kg-1 (a decrease of 42.96% compared to CK). At the end of the experiment, the soil pH of fertilized treatments increased to 6.31–6.89, soil organic matter (SOM) increased to 22–30 g.kg-1, and total nitrogen content and cation exchange capacity increased by 8%~35% and 20.5%~54.5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the acid-extractable Cd content in treatments with vermicompost organic fertilizer and biochar decreased to 20.5%~30.2%, while the residual Cd content (40.5%~52%) was significantly higher than that in unfertilized soil (12.5%). After fertilization, significant differences were observed in the diversity of soil microbial community structure. The Ace and Chao1 indices for different fertilization treatments followed the order: OF+BC1 > OF+BC3 > OF+BC2 > OF > BC > CK. The abundances of dominant bacterial families, including Acidobacteriaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Streptomycetaceae, also increased. The improvement effects (sum of relative abundances of the four dominant bacterial families) for OF, BC, OF+BC1, OF+BC2, and OF+BC3 treatments were 19.13%, 20.85%, 37.35%, 26.92%, and 19.83%, respectively, with the OF+BC1 treatment having the greatest impact on soil microbial community structure. |
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