不同成因盐碱土的理化性质及微生物特性比较

杨蕙瑄; 王亚男; 贾月慧; 陈敏余; 高进华; 解学仕; 周丽; 曾希柏

文章摘要

杨蕙瑄,王亚男,贾月慧,陈敏余,高进华,解学仕,周丽,曾希柏.不同成因盐碱土的理化性质及微生物特性比较[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(1):139-147.

不同成因盐碱土的理化性质及微生物特性比较

Comparative study of physicochemical and microbial communities of different origins of saline-alkali soil

投稿时间：2025-01-21

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0074

中文关键词: 盐碱土盐基离子高通量测序群落组成

英文关键词: saline-alkali soil base ions high-throughput sequencing community composition

基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团重点领域科技攻关计划项目（2022AB009）；山东省泰山产业领军人才项目（TSRC202306091）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-ASTIP-2021-IEDA）

作者	单位	E-mail
杨蕙瑄	北京农学院, 北京 102206 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
王亚男	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
贾月慧	北京农学院, 北京 102206	yhjia@bua.edu.cn
陈敏余	创想未来生物工程(新疆)有限公司, 乌鲁木齐 831399
高进华	史丹利农业集团股份有限公司, 山东临沭 276700
解学仕	史丹利农业集团股份有限公司, 山东临沭 276700
周丽	史丹利农业集团股份有限公司, 山东临沭 276700
曾希柏	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081	zengxibai@caas.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究不同成因盐碱土养分含量、盐分特征以及细菌群落组成的差异，分析三者间的内在联系，本研究采集新疆、吉林和河北3个典型盐碱地分布区8个不同样地的盐碱地土壤，分析了土壤养分含量、盐基离子含量，并采用高通量测序技术测定了土壤细菌群落多样性和组成。结果表明：吉林盐碱土（JL1、JL2）的盐基阴离子主要为HCO-3，其含量在0.5 g·kg^-1以上，土壤有机质和全氮含量较高，优势微生物为放线菌门（Actinobacteria）。新疆盐碱土（XJ1、XJ2、XJ3、XJ4）的盐基阴离子以SO₄^2-为主，且Na⁺含量较高，微生物丰度及多样性较低，优势微生物为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）。河北盐碱土中HB1的盐基阴离子以HCO-3为主，其含量为0.49 g·kg^-1；HB2的阴离子以Cl^-为主，其含量达29.09 g·kg^-1；虽然微生物群落组成变化明显，但盐分对其丰度和多样性的影响不显著。结果显示，盐碱土的盐基离子含量、优势微生物种群及理化性质等与其成因紧密相关，微生物的多样性则主要取决于Ca²⁺、Na⁺等的含量，且具有一定的地域性分布特点，因此，在盐碱地改良时必须充分考虑其地域分布及理化和生物学性质的差异。

英文摘要:

To investigate the differences in nutrient content, salt characteristics, and bacterial community composition in saline-alkali soils of different origins, and to analyze the intrinsic correlations among these factors. The findings aim to provide effective support for the management and remediation of saline-alkali lands. Soil samples were collected from eight distinct sites across three typical saline-alkali regions in Xinjiang, Jilin, and Hebei provinces. Soil nutrient contents and base ion concentrations were analyzed. High-throughput sequencing technology was employed to assess soil bacterial diversity and community composition.The saline-alkali soils from Jilin（JL1, JL2）were characterized by predominant base anions of HCO₃^- with concentrations exceeding 0.5 g·kg^-1. These soils exhibited relatively high soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents, with Actinobacteria identified as the dominant microbial phylum. Xinjiang salinealkali soils（XJ1, XJ2, XJ3, XJ4）were dominated by SO₄^2- base anions and exhibited high Na⁺ contents, lower microbial abundance and diversity, with Proteobacteria as the predominant phylum. In Hebei saline-alkali soils, HB1 showed HCO₃^- predominance（0.49 g·kg^-1）, while HB2 was dominated by Cl^-（29.09 g·kg^-1）. Although significant variations in microbial community composition were observed, salt content did not significantly affect microbial abundance or diversity. The content of base ions, dominant microbial populations, and physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soils are closely linked to their origins. Microbial diversity mainly depends on the concentrations of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and other ions, exhibiting distinct geographic distribution patterns. Thus, regional distribution and differences in physicochemical and biological properties must be thoroughly considered when developing saline-alkali land remediation strategies.

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