品种与肥料互作对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险的影响

许长鑫; 冯金飞; 方福平; 李凤博

文章摘要

许长鑫,冯金飞,方福平,李凤博.品种与肥料互作对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(1):168-178.

品种与肥料互作对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险的影响

Effects of cultivar-fertilizer interactions on nitrogen and phosphorus loss risks in paddy field surface water

投稿时间：2025-01-09

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0027

中文关键词: 水稻品种控释肥硝化抑制剂田面水氮磷流失

英文关键词: rice cultivar controlled-release fertilizer nitrification inhibitor surface water nitrogen and phosphorus loss

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42177455）；浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”项目（2022C02058）；衢州市科技项目（2023K079）；中央公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目（CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202408）；中国农业科学院创新工程项目（ASTIP）；农业农村长期因子综合观测工作项目（CALTON-FY）

作者	单位	E-mail
许长鑫	中国水稻研究所, 杭州 311401
冯金飞	中国水稻研究所, 杭州 311401
方福平	中国水稻研究所, 杭州 311401
李凤博	中国水稻研究所, 杭州 311401	lifengbo@caas.cn

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中文摘要:

为了探究不同类型水稻品种与肥料互作对水稻产量和稻田田面水氮磷流失风险的影响，采用随机区组裂区试验设计，设置3次重复，主区设常规施肥（CK）、控释肥（CRN）和尿素配施硝化抑制剂（DMPP），副区设中浙优8号（ZZY8）、甬优1540（YY1540）和浙禾香2号（ZHX2），通过大田试验进行研究。结果表明：各施肥处理田面水总氮（TN）和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）浓度分别在施肥后1 d和7 d达到峰值，铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）浓度在施肥后1~3 d达到峰值，随后不断降低。施用不同类型肥料显著影响稻田田面水氮素峰值浓度及形态占比，CRN处理的氮素浓度峰值与仅一半施肥量的CK相近，且各形态氮素浓度下降均较缓慢，直至晒田前田面水TN浓度降至5 mg·L^-1；综合不同类型肥料施用基肥和追肥后各形态氮素浓度变化可知，施肥后7 d内是稻田田面水氮素损失的关键控制期，且各施肥处理田面水中氮素均以NH₄⁺-N为主，其中CRN处理的NH₄⁺-N/TN最高，达到了61.36%~65.43%。种植不同水稻品种显著影响稻田田面水氮素浓度变化，种植YY1540显著降低了田面水TN、NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N浓度，其降幅分别为12.19%、16.50%和11.15%。YY1540与CRN互作稻田田面水各形态氮素平均浓度均最低，且稻谷产量、氮肥偏生产力和磷肥偏生产力均显著高于其他处理。施用CRN显著降低田面水总磷（TP）浓度和可溶性磷（DIP）浓度，其降幅分别为29.45%和21.65%。水稻品种与肥料互作对稻田田面水的磷素浓度无显著影响。研究表明，种植籼粳杂交稻品种（YY1540）并配施CRN既能实现水稻增产，又能有效降低稻田田面水氮磷流失风险。

英文摘要:

To investigate the interactive effects of rice cultivars and fertilizer types on rice yield, nitrogen-phosphorus loss risks in paddy field surface water. A randomized block design with split plots with three replications was used. The main plots comprised three fertilizer types：conventional fertilization（CK）, controlled-release fertilizer（CRN）, and urea combined with a nitrification inhibitor（DMPP）. The split plots included three rice cultivars：Zhongzheyou 8（ZZY8）, Yongyou 1540（YY1540）, and Zhehexiang 2（ZHX2）. The results showed that under all fertilization treatments, the concentrations of total nitrogen（TN）and nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^--N）in paddy field surface water reached their peak levels at 1 day and 7 days after fertilization, respectively, while ammonium nitrogen（NH₄⁺-N）peaked within 1-3 days after fertilization, followed by a continuous decline. The application of different fertilizer types significantly influenced peak nitrogen concentrations and speciation distribution in paddy field surface water. The TN peak concentration under the CRN treatment was comparable to that of the half-fertilized CK while all nitrogen forms in the CRN treatment showed slower reduction rates, with TN decreasing to 5 mg · L^-1 prior to mid-season field drying. Integrated analysis of nitrogen speciation dynamics following basal and supplemental fertilization revealed that the 7-day period post-application constitutes the critical window for mitigating nitrogen losses in paddy field surface water. Across all fertilization regimes, NH₄⁺-N dominated the dissolved nitrogen pool, with the CRN treatment exhibiting the highest NH₄⁺ - N / TN ratio（61.36% - 65.43%）. The cultivation of different rice cultivars significantly influenced nitrogen content dynamics in surface water of paddy fields. Cultivating YY1540 significantly reduced TN, NH₄⁺-N, and NO₃^--N concentrations by 12.19%, 16.50%, and 11.15%, respectively. The interaction between YY1540 and CRN resulted in the lowest average concentrations of all nitrogen forms in surface water, while simultaneously achieving significantly higher grain yield, nitrogen partial factor productivity（NPFP）, and phosphorus partial factor productivity（PPFP）compared to other treatments. Application of CRN fertilizer demonstrated substantial reductions in total phosphorus（TP）and dissolved inorganic phosphorus（DIP）concentrations, with reduction rates reaching 29.45% and 21.65% respectively. However, no significant interaction effect between rice cultivar and fertilizer type was observed on phosphorus content dynamics in surface water. In summary, cultivating indica-japonica hybrid rice（YY1540）and applying CRN had the best effect on rice yield increase and the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy field surface water.

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