| 涂欣,李娟英,陈以芹.基于植物-基质协同作用的模拟生态沟渠对农田面源污染的削减[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(1):179-188. |
| 基于植物-基质协同作用的模拟生态沟渠对农田面源污染的削减 |
| Reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution by simulated ecological ditches based on the synergistic effect of plants and substrates |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-25 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0284 |
| 中文关键词: 稻田面源污染 植物组合 基质组合 生态沟渠 脱氮除磷 有机磷农药 |
| 英文关键词: non-point source pollution of paddy field plant combination substrate combination ecological ditch nitrogen and phosphorus removal organophosphorus pesticides |
| 基金项目:上海市农业科技创新项目（I2024003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨不同植物组合在模拟生态沟渠中的协同作用，解析植物、基质和微生物对污染物去除的贡献机制，本研究通过实验筛选出再力花与苦草作为优势植物组合，结合沸石和牡蛎壳基质构建模拟生态沟渠系统，采用质量平衡分析，量化不同去除途径的贡献。结果表明：植物筛选实验中再力花与苦草组合在总氮、氨氮（NH4+-N）和总磷的去除中表现最佳，去除率分别达68.8%、97.4%和97.1%，该组合显著提高了硝态氮的去除效率；动态实验（水力停留时间为6 d）中模拟生态沟渠对总氮、总磷、三唑磷和毒死蜱的去除率分别达到88.1%、73.7%、99.9%和99.9%，总氮的去除中NH4+-N去除贡献最大，其占总氮去除量的71.8%。污染物去除机制分析表明，生态沟渠系统中磷的去除主要通过植物吸收（55.4%）实现，基质（33.4%）与土壤吸附（11.0%）次之。再力花依靠较大的生物量对磷的绝对去除量高于苦草，而苦草则因更高的根系表面积与相对生长速率，在单位生物量磷去除效率上表现出更高的效率。毒死蜱和三唑磷的去除以生物降解与水解作用为主，毒死蜱因较强的疏水性更易被基质吸附和微生物降解，三唑磷则更倾向于水解途径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the synergistic effects of different plant combinations in constructed ecological ditches and quantitatively elucidate the mechanisms by which plants, substrates, and microorganisms contribute to pollutant removal, this study identified Thalia dealbata and Vallisneria natans as the optimal plant combination through experimental screening. Zeolite and oyster shell substrates were integrated into the constructed ecological ditch system, and a mass balance analysis was employed to quantify the contributions of various removal pathways. The results indicated that in the plant screening experiment, the combination of Thalia dealbata and Vallisneria natans achieved optimal removal efficiencies for total nitrogen（TN）, ammonia nitrogen（NH4+-N）, and total phosphorus（TP）, with removal rates reaching 68.8%, 97.4%, and 97.1%, respectively. This plant combination significantly enhanced denitrification, thus improving the removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen. Furthermore, in the dynamic experiment（hydraulic retention time=6 d）, the constructed ecological ditch system exhibited removal rates of 88.1%, 73.7%, 99.9%, and 99.9% for TN, TP, triazophos, and chlorpyrifos, respectively. Among these, NH4+-N removal contributed most substantially to TN removal, accounting for 71.8% of total nitrogen reduction. Mechanistic analysis of pollutant removal revealed that phosphorus removal within the ecological ditch system was primarily achieved through plant uptake （55.4%）, followed by substrate（33.4%）and soil adsorption（11.0%）. Thalia dealbata exhibited a higher absolute phosphorus removal capacity due to its larger biomass, whereas Vallisneria natans demonstrated higher phosphorus removal efficiency per unit biomass, owing to its greater root surface area and relative growth rate. The removal of chlorpyrifos and triazophos primarily occurred through biodegradation and hydrolysis. Due to its strong hydrophobic properties, chlorpyrifos was more readily adsorbed onto substrates and degraded by microorganisms, while triazophos predominantly underwent hydrolysis. |
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