| 路丛顼,徐建明,魏岚,黄玉芬,梁杰聪,梁开明,刘忠珍,郑小东.有机物料还田对稻田土壤微生物特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(3):682-692. |
| 有机物料还田对稻田土壤微生物特性的影响 |
| Effects of organic material returning on microbial characteristics in paddy soil |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-04 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0195 |
| 中文关键词: 有机物料还田 秸秆 生物炭 稻田土壤 微生物特性 |
| 英文关键词: organic material returning to field straw biochar paddy soil microbial characteristics |
| 基金项目:广东省农业科学院低碳农业与碳中和研究中心（XTXM202204）；国家自然科学基金项目（42207316）、广东省科技计划项目（2021B1212050020） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究化肥配施有机物料对华南地区稻田土壤微生物特性的影响，试验采用磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）指纹图谱的方法，通过田间试验，研究了化肥配施有机物料（秸秆、生物炭）对早、晚稻土壤微生物类群数量、群落组成及网络特性的影响。结果表明：与对照处理相比，早稻土壤生物炭处理革兰氏阳性菌（G+）、放线菌和革兰氏阴性菌（G-）的PLFA含量分别显著下降53.67%、24.88%和18.47%，G+/G-以及细菌/真菌有所下降。而在晚稻土壤中，对照、秸秆还田、生物炭还田处理各类群微生物数量、群落组成差异不显著，主要由于稻田土壤环境由适宜条件（早稻土壤）转变为干旱胁迫条件（晚稻土壤）后，对照处理G+、放线菌和G-的PLFA含量分别下降50.42%、15.43%和11.10%，秸秆还田处理G+、放线菌和G-的PLFA含量分别下降54.17%、18.13%和18.44%，同时微生物网络结构复杂性明显降低。生物炭处理晚稻土壤微生物网络结构复杂性高于早稻土壤，且微生物网络关系由竞争转变为合作关系。在早、晚稻种植过程中，速效养分计量比及降雨量是决定微生物特性的关键要素。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The phospholipid fatty acids（PLFA）fingerprint was used to determine the response of microbial characteristics and related mechanisms to combined application of fertilizer and organic materials in paddy soil from southern China. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic materials（straw and biochar）on microbial group quantity, community composition and microbial network property in early and late rice paddy soils were studied in a field trail. The results showed that amount of gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes, and gram-negative bacteria with biochar addition decreased by 53.67%, 24.88%, and 18.47% separately relative to control and straw treatment in early rice paddy soil, and the ratios of gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria and bacteria to fungi decreased correspondingly. While no significant differences of microbial group contents and community composition were found for each treatment in late rice paddy soil, mainly caused by the conversion of proper condition in early rice paddy soil to drought stress condition in late rice paddy soil. Compared to early rice paddy soil, the contents of PLFA of gram-positive bacteria, actinomycetes, and gram-negative bacteria for control treatment decreased by 50.42%, 15.43%, 11.10% and those for straw treatment decreased by 54.17%, 18.13%, 18.44% separately, and the complexity of microbial network relation obviously decreased. The microbial network complexity with biochar addition was higher in late rice paddy soil than in early rice paddy soil, and the network relation changed from competition to cooperation. The stoichiometric ratio of available nutrients and precipitation were the key factors influencing microbial characteristics. |
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