| 王莹,胡能,陈丽红,刘清圣,卢麒麟,李世伟,邱士桐.洱海流域蓄雨控灌模式对蘖肥后稻田磷浓度及水分利用效率的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(3):702-716. |
| 洱海流域蓄雨控灌模式对蘖肥后稻田磷浓度及水分利用效率的影响 |
| Effects of rainfall storage and controlled irrigation mode on phosphorus concentration and water use efficiency of paddy field after tillering fertilizer in Erhai Lake basin |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0369 |
| 中文关键词: 洱海流域 稻田 蓄雨控灌模式 磷浓度 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 英文关键词: Erhai Lake basin paddy field rainwater storage controlled irrigation mode phosphorus concentration yield water use efficiency |
| 基金项目:云南省农业联合基金项目（202401BD070001-062）；云南省科技厅重大科技专项（202202AE090034）；兴滇人才支持计划项目（XDYCQNRC-2022-0107） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究洱海流域蓄雨控灌模式对稻田磷浓度变化和水分利用效率的影响，于2022年、2023年和2024年在云南省洱海流域开展了为期3 a的田间定位试验研究，试验设置两种灌溉模式：常规淹灌（常灌）和蓄雨控灌（控灌）。观测不同处理蘖肥后田面水、土壤水（地表下0~20 cm和20~40 cm）中总磷（TP）和可溶性磷酸盐（DP）的浓度变化，并对磷素运移规律进行研究。结果表明：与常灌相比，控灌均降低了稻田田面水、0~20 cm及20~40 cm土壤水的TP和DP浓度。控灌2022年、2023年和2024年的田面水TP浓度较常灌分别降低2.2%、63.9%和36.8%，DP浓度分别上升12.5%、降低16.0%和26.3%；0~20 cm土壤水TP浓度较常灌分别降低5.4%、5.8%和31.8%，DP浓度分别降低25.8%、41.9%和50.0%；20~40 cm土壤水TP浓度较常灌分别降低19.0%、57.4%和60.9%，DP浓度分别降低45.0%、64.7%和58.3%。随着土壤剖面深度的增加，土壤水磷浓度均在一定程度上呈现减小趋势。控灌和常灌的雨水利用率均较高，而控灌有利于降低地下水位，且控灌3年的产量和灌溉水分生产率较常灌分别增加4.83%、6.47%、3.79%和102.27%、120.87%、103.61%（P<0.05），灌水量分别减少48.30%、51.89%、49.05%（P<0.05），雨水利用率分别提高4.48%、2.17%、2.06%。研究表明，控灌能减少稻田田面水及土壤水的磷素流失，有效减少灌水量及灌水次数，提升水稻产量及灌溉水分生产率，达到节水、增产、减排的目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of rainfall storage and controlled irrigation mode on phosphorus concentration and water use efficiency in paddy fields in Erhai Lake basin, a three-year field experiment was carried out in Erhai Lake basin, Yunnan Province in 2022, 2023 and 2024. Two irrigation modes were set up in the experiment：conventional flooding irrigation and rainfall storage and controlled irrigation. The concentration changes of total phosphorus（TP）and soluble phosphate（DP）in surface water and soil water（0-20 cm and 20-40 cm below the surface）after different treatments of tillering fertilizer were observed, and the migration law of phosphorus was studied. The results showed that：compared with conventional irrigation, controlled irrigation reduced the concentrations of TP and DP in paddy field surface water, 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil water. The TP concentration of surface water in 2022, 2023 and 2024 decreased by 2.2%, 63.9% and 36.8%, respectively, and the DP concentration increased by 12.5%, decreased by 16.0% and 26.3%, respectively. The TP concentration of 0-20 cm soil water decreased by 5.4%, 5.8% and 31.8%, respectively, and the DP concentration decreased by 25.8%, 41.9% and 50.0%, respectively. The concentration of TP in 20-40 cm soil water decreased by 19.0%, 57.4% and 60.9% respectively, and the concentration of DP decreased by 45.0%, 64.7% and 58.3% respectively. With the increase of soil profile depth, soil water phosphorus concentration showed a decreasing trend to a certain extent. The rainwater utilization rate of controlled irrigation and normal irrigation was higher, and controlled irrigation was beneficial to reduce the groundwater level. The yield and irrigation water productivity of controlled irrigation for 3 years increased by 4.83%, 6.47%, 3.79% and 102.27%, 120.87%, 103.61%（P<0.05）, respectively, compared with normal irrigation. The irrigation amount decreased by 48.30%, 51.89% and 49.05%（P<0.05）, and the rainwater utilization rate increased by 4.48%, 2.17% and 2.06%, respectively. In summary, controlled irrigation can reduce the phosphorus loss of surface water and soil water in paddy fields, effectively reduce the amount of irrigation and irrigation times, improve rice yield and irrigation water productivity, and achieve the goal of water saving, yield increase and emission reduction. |
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