农业废弃物酶解碳源对周丛生物脱氮的强化效应

孙宇婷; 孙瑞; 吴永红

文章摘要

孙宇婷,孙瑞,吴永红.农业废弃物酶解碳源对周丛生物脱氮的强化效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(3):736-744.

农业废弃物酶解碳源对周丛生物脱氮的强化效应

Enhancing nitrogen removal in periphyton systems via enzymatic hydrolysis of agricultural waste as carbon source

投稿时间：2025-02-18

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0151

中文关键词: 周丛生物农业废弃物碳源反硝化胞外聚合物微生物群落组成

英文关键词: periphyton agricultural waste carbon source denitrification extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） microbial community composition

基金项目:国家自然科学基金国际合作项目（42320104002）；江苏省农业自主创新项目（CX（22）1003）

作者	单位	E-mail
孙宇婷	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室秭归站, 南京 211135 中国科学院大学南京学院, 南京 211135
孙瑞	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室秭归站, 南京 211135 淮阴师范学院地理科学与规划学院, 江苏淮安 223300	8202011042@hytc.edu.cn
吴永红	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室秭归站, 南京 211135 中国科学院大学南京学院, 南京 211135

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中文摘要:

本研究利用碱和酸预处理农业废弃物的水解液充当碳源，通过周丛生物脱氮试验评估其对周丛生物脱氮能力的强化效果，并结合周丛生物生物量、胞外聚合物（Extracellular polymeric substances，EPS）组分分析和16S rRNA基因测序技术揭示外加碳源对周丛生物的生长和微生物群落的调控机制。结果表明：碱预处理玉米芯水解液（YMX）因其高化学需氧量[COD=（23.134±0.704）g·L^-1]和缓释糖类（74%），显著提升了周丛生物对总氮（TN）、铵态氮（NH⁺₄-N）及硝态氮（NO^-₃-N）的去除率（分别达84.4%、100%和67.5%），其优势源于假单胞菌门（Pseudomonadota，42.1%）的富集及其携带的完整反硝化基因簇（nirK/nirS、norB/nosZ）。酸预处理玉米秸秆酶解液（JG）虽COD释放量较低（ΔCOD=6.408 g·L^-1），但通过蓝细菌门（Cyanobacteria，55.8%）与溶杆菌属（Lysobacter，6.4%）的“光驱碳供给-异养反硝化”协同路径，实现了与YMX组相当的硝酸盐去除率（70.5% vs.67.0%）。此外，外源碳输入通过重塑胞外聚合物（EPS）组成驱动群落重构，YMX组多糖含量提升了16.0%，增强了周丛生物机械强度并促进异养反硝化；JG组蛋白质含量增加了26.5%，可通过吸附酚类抑制物缓解毒性。

英文摘要:

In this study, hydrolysates derived from alkali- and acid-pretreated agricultural wastes were employed as alternative carbon sources, and their enhancing effects on the nitrogen removal performance of periphyton systems were systematically assessed via batch denitrification assays. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the impacts of exogenous carbon sources on periphyton biomass accumulation and microbial community assembly were elucidated by means of biomass quantification, extracellular polymeric substances （EPS）component characterization, and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results demonstrated that alkali-pretreated corn cob hydrolysate（YMX）markedly elevated the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen（TN）, ammonium nitrogen（NH⁺₄-N）and nitrate nitrogen（NO^-₃-N）in the periphyton system, with the respective removal rates reaching 84.4%, 100% and 67.5%. This superior performance was attributed to its high chemical oxygen demand（COD）level [ （23.134±0.704）g·L^-1] and the characteristic of sustained carbohydrate release（74% of total soluble organics）, which induced the selective enrichment of Pseudomonadota（42.1% relative abundance）, a phylum harboring complete denitrification gene clusters（nirK/nirS, norB/nosZ）. In contrast, acid-pretreated corn stover enzymatic hydrolysate（JG）exhibited a relatively low COD release capacity（ΔCOD=6.408 g·L^-1）, yet it attained a NO^-₃-N removal rate of 70.5%, which was comparable to that of the YMX group（67.0%）. This was realized through a synergistic metabolic pathway of phototrophic carbon supply and heterotrophic denitrification, mediated by the functional microbial consortium of Cyanobacteria（55.8% relative abundance）and Lysobacter（6.4% relative abundance）. Additionally, exogenous carbon input drove microbial community reconfiguration in the periphyton system by remodeling the compositional profile of EPS. In the YMX group, the EPS polysaccharide content was increased by 16.0%, which strengthened the mechanical stability of the periphyton biofilm and thereby facilitated the metabolic activity of heterotrophic denitrifiers. In the JG group, the EPS protein content was elevated by 26.5%, which mitigated the toxic effects of phenolic inhibitors generated during acid pretreatment through specific adsorption.

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