| 蒲俊华,李尚民,赵华轩,王洪志,施寿荣,童海兵.夏季多层笼养肉鸡舍舍内颗粒物与微生物群落变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(3):745-754. |
| 夏季多层笼养肉鸡舍舍内颗粒物与微生物群落变化 |
| Particulate matter and microbial community changes in multi-layered caged broiler house in summer |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0407 |
| 中文关键词: 肉鸡舍 夏季 颗粒物 细菌 真菌 |
| 英文关键词: broiler house summer particulate matter bacteria, fungi |
| 基金项目:江苏省重点研发（现代农业）计划项目（BE2022379）；江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目（NJ2023-38） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究夏季多层笼养肉鸡舍舍内颗粒物与微生物群落在肉鸡饲养过程中的分布变化特征，优化肉鸡舍夏季环境控制管理，本研究采集测定7列4层笼养大型肉鸡舍内1、21日龄和49日龄的颗粒物（TSP、PM10、PM2.5和PM1）浓度，同时采集颗粒物TSP，提取微生物总DNA，分别对细菌16S rDNA的V3~V4区域和真菌ITS2区域进行PCR扩增测序分析。结果表明：随肉鸡日龄增加，舍内TSP、PM10、PM2.5和PM1浓度显著升高（P<0.05），且沿前部、中部和后部区域依次显著升高（P<0.05），同时PM10、PM2.5和PM1在TSP中的比例沿前部、中部和后部逐渐降低。TSP中细菌Chao1指数随肉鸡日龄增长而显著升高，真菌Chao1指数则显著降低。芽孢杆菌门（Bacillota）、假单胞杆菌门（Pseudomonadota）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）和放线菌门（Actinomycetota）是细菌的主要菌门，其中1日龄假单胞杆菌门相对丰度最高（50.71%），21日龄和49日龄以芽孢杆菌门相对丰度最高（80.42%和87.45%）。细菌中唾液乳杆菌属（Ligilactobacillus）、粪杆菌属（Faecalibacterium）和乳酸杆菌属（Lactobacillus）相对丰度在49日龄显著升高（P<0.05），而一些潜在病原菌如埃希氏-志贺菌属（Escherichia-Shigella）等的相对丰度在49日龄降低。子囊菌门（Ascomycota）和担子菌门（Basidiomycota）是真菌的主要菌门，其中子囊菌门为优势菌门。曲霉属（Aspergillus）、枝孢属（Cladosporium）和念珠菌属（Diutina）是真菌在各阶段相对丰度最高的菌属。研究表明，夏季多层笼养肉鸡舍内颗粒物浓度随肉鸡日龄增加而显著升高，鸡舍中后部颗粒物浓度显著高于前部。随肉鸡饲养日龄增加，舍内空气微生物细菌α多样性显著增加，真菌α多样性显著降低。细菌中以唾液乳酸杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属和粪杆菌属为肉鸡饲养中后期优势菌属，曲霉属、枝孢属和念珠菌属为真菌优势菌属。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution characteristics of particulate matter（PM）and microbial community in multi-layer caged broiler house in summer, and to provide basis for optimizing the environmental management of the broiler house in summer. The concentrations of particulate matter（TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1）in 7 rows of 4 layers of caged large broiler house at 1, 21 and 49 days of age were collected and measured. At the same time, TSP samples were collected to extract total microbial DNA. The V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA and the ITS2 region of fungi were amplified by PCR and sequenced, respectively. The results showed that： with the increase of broilers age, the concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in the broiler house significantly increased（P<0.05）, and significantly increased along the front, middle and back regions（P<0.05）, while the proportions of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in TSP decreased along the front, middle and back regions. The Chao1 index of bacteria in TSP increased significantly with the growth of broilers, while the Chao1 index of fungi decreased significantly. The main phyla of bacteria were Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Actinomycetota. The highest relative abundance of bacteria was Pseudomonas（50.71%）at day 1. At day 21 and day 49, the relative abundance of Bacillota was the highest（80.42% and 87.45%）. Ligilactobacillus, Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus increased significantly at the end of the feeding period（P<0.05）, while some potential pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella decreased. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two main dominant phyla of fungi and Ascomycota was the preponderant phylum of fungi through the breeding process. Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Diutina were the dominate genera of fungi at different stages of broiler breeding, respectively. In conclusion, the concentration of PM in the multi-layer caged broiler house increased significantly with the broiler growing in summer, and the concentrations of PM in the middle and the back of the house were significantly higher than that in the front. With the increase of the age of broilers, the Alpha diversity of bacteria in the air of broilers house increased significantly while the Alpha diversity of fungi decreased significantly. Ligilactobacillus, Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium were the dominant bacterial genera in the middle and the late stages of broiler rearing, while Aspergillus, Cladocorium and Candida were the dominant fungal genera. |
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