| 杜春朝,倪才英,刘丽,蒋志忠.稻虾共作对稻田土壤微生物群落结构和功能特征的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(5):1179-1190. |
| 稻虾共作对稻田土壤微生物群落结构和功能特征的影响 |
| Effects of rice and shrimp on soil microbial community structure and functional characteristics in paddy field |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0444 |
| 中文关键词: 稻虾共作 微生物 宏基因组测序 群落结构 功能基因 |
| 英文关键词: rice-crayfish co-culture microorganism metagenomic sequencing community structure functional gene |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42167006）；江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目（JXARS-12-环境控制）；江西省教育厅科学技术项目（GJJ210328） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示稻虾共作模式(DX)对土壤微生物群落结构和功能的影响，以传统稻作模式(CK)为对照，利用宏基因组测序技术对成熟期水稻土壤微生物群落的结构和功能多样性进行分析。结果表明：与CK相比，DX模式显著提高了土壤微生物的Alpha多样性(P<0.05)，两种模式的优势菌门均为假单胞菌门(Pseudomonadota，25.34%~31.22%)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota，10.39%~14.66%)、放线菌门(Actinomycetota，10.84%~13.69%)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexota，8.69%~11.48%)，但相对丰度有所差异，DX提高了假Pseudomonadota、热脱硫杆菌门(Thermodesulfobacteriota)的丰度(P<0.05)。属水平上，Singulisphaera(5.37%~7.99%)、慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium，4.71%~5.35%)、纤线杆菌属(Ktedonobacter，2.30%~5.09%)、Pseudolabrys(2.73%~3.77%)为两种土壤中的优势菌属，与CK相比，DX显著提高了Bradyrhizobium、假双头斧形菌属(Pseudolabrys)、厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolinea)、甲基海洋杆菌属(Methyloceanibacter)的丰度。相关性分析表明，土壤理化性质中pH值、速效钾(AK)与主要微生物类群的相对丰度有显著相关性。KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes，京都基因与基因组百科全书)功能注释发现新陈代谢(Metabolism)是农田土壤微生物的最主要功能，占比为50.5%~51.23%;与CK相比，DX增加了碳代谢(Carbon metabolism)、双组分系统(Two-component system)、群体感应(Quorum sensing)、ABC转运蛋白(ABC transporters)的功能基因比例；功能富集研究发现，DX模式富集了更多与代谢和生物合成运输相关的通路。COG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups，直系同源蛋白簇数据库)功能注释进一步证实，相对丰度前10的功能基因中DX有8种显著高于CK，且其中有5种与物质运输和代谢有关。研究表明，稻虾共作显著提高了土壤微生物的多样性，富集了更多功能基因，增强了土壤微生物物质与能量运输、代谢的功能潜力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To elucidate the impact of the rice-crayfish co-culture system(DX)on soil microbial community structure and function, a metagenomic sequencing approach was employed to analyze the structural and functional diversity of the soil microbiota during the rice maturity stage, using traditional rice monoculture(CK)as the control. The results demonstrated that the DX system significantly enhanced soil microbial alpha diversity compared to CK(P<0.05). The dominant phyla in both systems were Pseudomonadota(25.34%-31.22%), Planctomycetota(10.39%-14.66%), Actinomycetota(10.84%-13.69%), and Chloroflexota(8.69%-11.48%), though their relative abundances varied. Notably, DX significantly increased the abundance of Pseudomonadota and Thermodesulfobacteriota(P<0.05). At the genus level, Singulisphaera(5.37%-7.99%), Bradyrhizobium(4.71%-5.35%), Ktedonobacter(2.30%-5.09%), and Pseudolabrys(2.73%-3.77%)were dominant in both soils. Compared with CK, DX significantly elevated the abundances of Bradyrhizobium, Pseudolabrys, Anaerolinea, and Methyloceanibacter. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH and available potassium(AK)were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of major microbial taxa. KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)functional annotation revealed that metabolism was the predominant function of farmland soil microorganisms, accounting for 50.5%-51.23% of annotated functions. Compared to CK, DX increased the proportions of functional genes involved in carbon metabolism, two-component system, quorum sensing, and ABC transporters. Functional enrichment analysis further showed that the DX system enriched more pathways associated with metabolism, biosynthesis, and transport. COG(Clusters of Orthologous Groups)annotation confirmed that DX had significantly higher relative abundance in 8 out of the top 10 functional categories, 5 of which were related to cellular transport and metabolism. In conclusion, the rice-crayfish co-culture system significantly enhances soil microbial diversity, enriches functional gene repertoires, and strengthens the metabolic and transport potential of the soil microbial community. |
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