| 田立,芦贵君,李洪丽,车晓翠,牟廷森,武佳龙,沈海鸥.秸秆还田对黑土坡面径流水动力学特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(5):1203-1211. |
| 秸秆还田对黑土坡面径流水动力学特性的影响 |
| Effects of straw returning on runoff hydrodynamic characteristics of black soil hillslopes |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-02 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0365 |
| 中文关键词: 黑土区 水动力学参数 玉米秸秆 大豆秸秆 还田量 坡度 |
| 英文关键词: black soil region hydrodynamic parameter corn straw soybean straw straw returning rate slope gradient |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD1501104）；吉林省“黑土粮仓”科技会战“揭榜挂帅”重点项目（JJKH20240457HT） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 田立 | 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118
秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118 | | | 芦贵君 | 吉林省水土保持科学研究院, 长春 130033 | | | 李洪丽 | 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118
秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118 | | | 车晓翠 | 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118
秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118 | | | 牟廷森 | 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118
秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118 | | | 武佳龙 | 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118
秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118 | | | 沈海鸥 | 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院, 长春 130118
秸秆综合利用与黑土地保护教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118 | shenhaiou@jlau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同作物秸秆还田和还田量对黑土坡面径流水动力学特性的影响，针对不同坡度(3°、5°、7°)坡面，分别设置玉米和大豆秸秆还田，还田量分别为0、25%、50%、75%、100%和0、100%，降雨强度为75mm·h-1，开展人工模拟降雨试验。结果表明：与无秸秆还田相比，玉米和大豆秸秆均可显著降低坡面径流流速、弗劳德数和单位水流功率，增加阻力系数和径流剪切力，而对雷诺数和水流功率的调控效果不显著。其中，大豆秸秆在较小坡度(3°)、玉米秸秆在较大坡度(5°、7°)时，阻力系数的增加幅度最为明显。与大豆秸秆相比，玉米秸秆对水动力学特性的影响更突出。玉米秸秆还田坡面的径流流速、弗劳德数和单位水流功率随还田量的增加呈下降趋势，其中，径流平均流速降低57.1%~66.7%，弗劳德数和单位水流功率降低50.0%~72.1%，雷诺数和水流功率的下降范围均在25.0%以内；阻力系数与径流剪切力随还田量的增加而增加。此外，还田量50%对各坡度的雷诺数和水流功率以及5°坡度的径流流速调控效果最显著。研究表明，较大还田量(50%~100%)对水动力学特性的影响更显著。因此，在黑土区坡耕地农业生产实践中应结合当地地形坡度，筛选适宜的作物秸秆及还田量进行还田。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The simulated rainfall experiments were conducted under different slope gradients(3°, 5°, and 7°)with corn straw returning(0, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%)and soybean straw returning(0, 100%)to investigate the effects of different crop straw returning and returning rates on the runoff hydrodynamic characteristics of black soil hillslopes. The rainfall intensity was 75 mm·h-1. The results showed that both corn and soybean straw significantly reduced the runoff velocity, Froude number, and unit stream power, increased the resistance coefficient and runoff shear force, but had no significant regulation influence on Reynolds number and stream power compared with no straw returning. Among them, soybean straw exhibited the most notable increase in the resistance coefficient on gentle slope gradients such as 3°, whereas corn straw showed a more obvious effect on steep slope gradients such as 5° and 7°. Furthermore, corn straw had a more significant influence on runoff hydrodynamic characteristics than that of soybean straw. For corn straw returning treatments, runoff velocity, Froude number, and unit stream power decreased with an increase in straw returning rates. Specifically, the mean runoff velocity decreased by 57.1%-66.7%, and the Froude number and unit stream power decreased by 50.0%-72.1%. The reductions in Reynolds number and stream power decreased within 25.0%. In addition, the resistance coefficient and runoff shear force increased with an increase in straw returning rates. Additionally, the 50% straw returning rate had the most significant regulation effect on Reynolds number and stream power for all hillslopes with different slope gradients, as well as on runoff velocity for the hillslope with 5° slope gradient. Overall, greater straw returning rates(50%-100%)had a more substantial effect on runoff hydrodynamic characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to combine with local slope gradients and select suitable crop straw types and straw returning rates for agricultural production practice of black soil hillslopes to apply the straw returning technology. |
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