长江口横沙岛滩涂不同年限围垦区土壤和植被的协同演变

刘栋; 郑宪清; 杨晓磊; 宋科; 吕卫光; 刘彬; 李法云; 张月; 李肖肖

文章摘要

刘栋,郑宪清,杨晓磊,宋科,吕卫光,刘彬,李法云,张月,李肖肖.长江口横沙岛滩涂不同年限围垦区土壤和植被的协同演变[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(5):1212-1224.

长江口横沙岛滩涂不同年限围垦区土壤和植被的协同演变

Synergistic evolution of soil and vegetation in different years of reclamation area on Hengsha Island

投稿时间：2025-06-10

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0565

中文关键词: 滩涂围垦土壤理化植被覆盖度生态修复

英文关键词: tidal flat reclamation soil physicochemical properties vegetation coverage ecological restoration

基金项目:上海市农业科技创新项目（2024-02-08-00-12-F00046）

作者	单位	E-mail
刘栋	上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403 上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院, 上海 201418
郑宪清	上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403 上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海 201403 上海市农业环境保护监测站, 上海 201403
杨晓磊	上海市农业技术推广服务中心, 上海 201105
宋科	上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403 农业农村部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站, 上海 201403 上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201403
吕卫光	上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403 上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海 201403 上海市农业环境保护监测站, 上海 201403
刘彬	上海市青浦区农业技术推广服务中心, 上海 201799
李法云	上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院, 上海 201418
张月	上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403 上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海 201403 上海市农业环境保护监测站, 上海 201403	zhangyuelsz@163.com
李肖肖	上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403 上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海 201403 上海市农业环境保护监测站, 上海 201403	lixiaoxiao@saas.sh.cn

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中文摘要:

本研究针对长江口横沙岛滩涂围垦区，探讨不同发育年限下土壤理化性质与植被覆盖的时空演变规律及其互作机制，以揭示滨海围垦区的生态演替过程，为生态修复与土地管理提供科学依据。以围垦3 a (新围垦，Y3)、7 a (中短期恢复，Y7)、10 a (中期恢复，Y10)和15 a (长期恢复，Y15)四个典型区域为研究对象，测定土壤理化指标(pH、电导率、全盐、全氮、全磷、全钾等)，同时基于Landsat/哨兵卫星数据计算归一化植被指数(NDVI)，并采用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度(FVC)。采用相关分析、Mantel检验和逐步回归方法，解析土壤对植被的驱动作用。结果表明：土壤性质呈显著时序变化，随围垦年限增加，pH、电导率和全盐含量持续降低(P<0.05)，而全氮、全磷、全钾含量显著积累(P<0.001)。植被覆盖呈梯度提升，NDVI从Y3的0.12±0.05增至Y15的0.35±0.09，FVC同步增加，植被群落从耐盐先锋种向高覆盖群落演替。土壤-植被耦合分析表明，有机质、全氮、全磷与NDVI显著正相关(P<0.001)，而pH、电导率和全盐量呈负相关，逐步回归表明pH、全氮和有机质为NDVI的主导因子(R²=0.787)。横沙岛滩涂围垦区的土壤性质随发育年限增加逐步改善，并促进植被恢复，其中有机质和全氮积累及pH降低是关键驱动因素。

英文摘要:

This study focused on the Pudong reclamation area of Hengsha Island in the Yangtze Estuary, aiming to the spatiotemporal evolution laws and interaction mechanisms of soil physicochemical properties and vegetation coverage under different reclamation ages, and to reveal the ecological succession process of coastal reclamation areas providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration and land management. The study investigated four representative areas with distinct reclamation histories: newly reclaimed(Y3, 3 years), shortmedium term restored(Y7, 7 years), medium term restored(Y10, 10 years), and long-term restored(Y15, 15 years). Soil physicochemical parameters(including pH, electrical conductivity, total salinity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potasium)were analyzed. Vegetation indices were derived from Landsat/Sentinel imagery, with NDVI calculated and FVC estimated using the pixel dichotomy model. Correlation analysis, Mantel test and stepwise regression method were used to analyze the driving effect of soil on vegetation. The results showed that: the soil properties showed significant temporal sequence changes: with the increase of the reclamation age, pH, electrical conductivity and total salinity content decreased continuously(P<0.05), while the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium increased significantly(P<0.001). Vegetation coverage showed gradual increase: the NDVI increased from reclamation for Y3(0.12 ± 0.05)to reclamation for Y15(0.35±0.09), and the FVC increased synchronously, the vegetation community successioned from salt-tolerant pioneer species to high coverage community. Soil-vegetation coupling analysis showed that organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were significantly positively correlated with the NDVI(P<0.01), while pH, electrical conductivity, and total salinity were negatively correlated. Stepwise regression showed that pH, total nitrogen, and organic matter were the dominant factors of the NDVI(R²=0.787). The soil properties of Hengsha Island beach reclamation area gradually improved with the increase of the reclamation age, promoted the restoration of vegetation, among which the accumulation of organic matter and total nitrogen and the decrease of pH were the key driving factors.

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