| 任永刚,苏五雷,陈芝波,刘大学,莫罗艳,朱英华,丁婷,李章海,王擎运.肥料运筹对黔南典型裸土烟田土壤肥力与烟叶产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(5):1225-1236. |
| 肥料运筹对黔南典型裸土烟田土壤肥力与烟叶产量的影响 |
| Impact of nutrient management on soil fertility and tobacco raw material yield in the bare-soil tobacco cropping systems of Qiannan |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-26 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0492 |
| 中文关键词: 肥料运筹 烤烟 土壤肥力 土壤细菌群落 高通量测序 |
| 英文关键词: nutrient management flue-cured tobacco soil fertility soil bacterial community high-throughput sequencing |
| 基金项目:贵州省烟草公司黔南州公司科技项目（2023-522727-2-4-0002）；中国烟草总公司重点研发项目（110202102038） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 19 |
| 全文下载次数: 1 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为应对黔南地区裸土烟草栽培中存在的养分易淋溶问题，探索满足高品质烟叶生产需求的优化施肥模式，本研究通过田间试验，设置常规施肥(CK)、基肥增施10%(EF1)、基肥增施20%(EF2)、常规施肥下追肥前移50%(AF)及追肥后移50%(RF)，共5个处理，采用随机区组设计，系统分析了不同肥料运筹策略对根际土壤养分、微生物特性及烟草产量与品质的影响。结果表明：肥料运筹对土壤氮、磷、钾全量养分无显著影响，但能有效调控速效养分动态；各处理下碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量在整个生育期内均呈下降趋势，其中EF2处理可显著提升速效养分水平，而AF处理则不利于团棵期后的养分维持。土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的变化与基肥用量趋势一致，EF2与AF处理均能明显增强各生育期土壤酶活性。肥料运筹对土壤微生物群落的丰富度与多样性的影响有限，但EF2和AF处理显著提高了假单胞菌门的相对丰度，同时降低了酸杆菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度，这一变化有助于促进土壤养分的循环与高效利用，进而提升烟草产量和品质。综上，基于烟草前期需氮量大、后期需钾量高的养分需求规律，在常规施肥基础上采用追肥前移50%并适当增加钾肥追施比例的策略，能更好地契合黔南裸土烟区的实际生产需求。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the problems of nutrients leaching easily during the cultivation of bare-soil tobacco in the Qiannan region and explore optimized fertilization modes that match the production demand for high-quality tobacco raw materials, this study based on field experiments systematically analyzed the relationships and impacts of different nutrient management strategies on rhizosphere soil nutrients, soil microorganisms, and tobacco yield. The experiment included five treatments: conventional fertilization(CK), 10% increased base fertilizer application amount(EF1), 20% increased base fertilizer application amount(EF2), 50% advanced topdressing under conventional fertilization rate(AF), and 50% delayed topdressing under conventional fertilization rate(RF), all plots adopted random block design. The results showed that nutrient management had no significant impact on the total contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) in the soil, but effectively regulated the dynamics of available nutrients. Alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in all treatments showed a decreasing trend throughout the growth period of tobacco. EF2 could increase the content of available nutrients in the rhizosphere soil significantly, while AF was unfavorable to the maintenance of nutrients after the rosette stage. The activities of urease, phosphatase, sucrase, and catalase showed a consistent pattern with the amount of base fertilizer applied. Both EF2 and AF significantly increased the soil enzyme activities at all growth stages of flue-cured tobacco. Nutrient management had limited impact on the richness and diversity of the soil microbial community; However, the EF2 and AF treatments increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota while decreasing the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota and Firmicutes, which was facilitated to the efficient utilization of soil nutrients cycling and promoted the improvement of the yield and quality of tobacco raw materials. The study indicated that, considering the nutrient demand characteristics of tobacco growth that nitrogen is prioritized in the early growth stage and the requirement for potassium is relatively high in the later stage, moving the topdressing forward by 50% and appropriately increasing the amount of potassium topdressing is more in line with the actual production demand of bare-soil tobacco in the Qiannan region. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
