| 王志慧,周留艳,杨新平,李鹏兵,杨斌,谢玉清.促腐固氮菌剂对棉花秸秆堆肥中氮转化及固氮微生物群落的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(5):1329-1340. |
| 促腐固氮菌剂对棉花秸秆堆肥中氮转化及固氮微生物群落的影响 |
| Impact of decomposing and nitrogen-fixing microbial inoculants on nitrogen transformation dynamics and diazotrophic community assembly during cotton stalk composting |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0408 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花秸秆 堆肥 促腐固氮菌剂 氮转化 固氮微生物 |
| 英文关键词: cotton straw composting decomposing and nitrogen-fixing microbial agents nitrogen transformation diazotrophic microbiota |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金地区基金项目（32460019）；“天山英才”培养计划——青年托举人才项目（2024TSYCQNTJ0021）；新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目（2022A02005-4） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究接种促腐固氮菌剂对棉花秸秆堆肥中氮素转化及固氮微生物群落的影响，本试验设置了棉花秸秆+促腐固氮菌剂1[贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)，TG1]、棉花秸秆+促腐固氮菌剂2[Bacillus velezensis和依利诺斯类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus illinoisensis)，TG2]和棉花秸秆(CK)堆肥处理，研究堆肥过程中腐熟效果、氮素转化及固氮微生物群落的变化特征。结果表明：与CK相比，TG1和TG2处理的高温期更长且更稳定，并有效提高种子发芽率12.2%和11.7%，促进堆肥腐熟与稳定。TG1和TG2处理的总凯氏氮(TKN)含量分别为23.11 mg·kg-1和24.63 mg·kg-1，比CK处理分别提高了17.2%和24.9%。进一步分析发现，接种促腐固氮菌剂显著影响堆肥过程中氮转化功能基因和固氮菌群落演替。在堆肥腐熟期，TG1和TG2处理的nifH基因拷贝数分别比CK处理高6.1%和10.6%，而反硝化功能基因(nirS和nirK)拷贝数则显著低于CK处理(P<0.05)。接种处理增加了固氮菌属(Azotobacter，5、10 d和40 d)、Klebsiella(5 d)、未分类_红螺菌科(unclassified_f_Rhodospirillaceae，10 d和40 d)和未分类_α-变形菌纲(unclassified_c_Alphaproteobacteria，3、10 d和40 d)类群丰度，且明显增加了未分类_变形菌门(unclassified_p_Proteobacteria)的相对丰度。分子生态网络分析表明，接种影响了堆肥过程中固氮菌群落的网络共现模式，并改变了关键物种的组成。研究表明，适量接种功能菌剂可以有效改善堆肥理化特性和固氮微生物群落结构，减少氮素损失并提高种子发芽率，有助于提高堆肥效率和质量，实现农林废弃物的无害化和高效资源化利用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the influence of inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on nitrogen transformation and nitrogen-fixing microbial community in cotton straw composting. In this study, cotton straw+Bacillus velezensis(TG1), cotton straw+Bacillus velezensis and Paenibacillus illinoisensis(TG2) and cotton straw(CK) were set up for composting, and the decomposition effect and the effect during composting were studied. The results showed that compared with CK, TG1 and TG2 treatments were longer and more stable at high temperature, which effectively increased the germination rate of seeds by 12.2% and 11.7%, respectively, and promoted the maturity and stability of compost. The contents of total kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)in TG1 and TG2 treatments were 23.11 mg·kg-1 and 24.63 mg·kg-1, respectively, which were 17.2% and 24.9% higher than CK treatment. Further analysis showed that inoculation of rot-promoting nitrogen-fixing bacteria significantly affected the functional genes of nitrogen transformation and the succession of nitrogen-fixing bacteria community during composting. At the composting stage, the copy number of nifH gene in TG1 and TG2 treatments was 6.1% and 10.6% higher than that in CK treatment, while the copy number of denitrification function(nirS and nirK)gene was significantly lower than that in CK treatment(P<0.05). Inoculation treatment increased the abundance of Azotobacter(5 and 10 days), Pseudomonas(5, 10 and 40 days), Klebsiella(5 days), unclassified_f_Rhodospirillaceae(10 and 40 days)and unclassified_c_Alphaproteobacteria(3, 10 and 40 days), and obviously increased the relative abundance of unclassified_p_Proteobacteria. Molecular ecological network analysis showed that inoculation affected the network co-occurrence mode of nitrogen-fixing bacteria community during composting and changed the composition of key species. This study demonstrates that appropriate inoculation with functional microbial inoculants optimizes compost physicochemical properties, restructures diazotrophic communities, reduces nitrogen loss, enhances seed germination index, and ultimately enables environmentally sound valorization of agroforestry waste through improved composting efficiency and product quality. |
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