| 许炜晴,张孟豪,张守涛,钟鹤森,Cevin Tibihenda,李馨妤,蒋成爱,张池.参状远盲蚓在生物炭修复镉污染土壤中的生态毒理响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(7):1686-1696. |
| 参状远盲蚓在生物炭修复镉污染土壤中的生态毒理响应 |
| Ecotoxicological responses of Amynthas aspergillum in biochar remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0613 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 参状远盲蚓 镉 氧化应激 土壤 |
| 英文关键词: biochar Amynthas aspergillum cadmium oxidative stress soil |
| 基金项目:2025年度中法科研伙伴交流计划项目；国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3703102） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 许炜晴 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | | | 张孟豪 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | | | 张守涛 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | | | 钟鹤森 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | | | Cevin Tibihenda | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642
Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute, Dodoma 1571, Tanzania | | | 李馨妤 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | | | 蒋成爱 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | | | 张池 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | zhangchi2012@scau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究通过制备入侵植物鬼针草（Bidens pilosa L.）和常规农业废弃物玉米秸秆两种生物炭，模拟生物炭在镉（Cd）污染土壤中的修复过程，探讨生物炭的类型和添加量对参状远盲蚓（Amynthas aspergillum）生态毒理特征的影响，分析其与土壤Cd形态转化及化学因子的关系，并解析修复过程中深栖型蚯蚓对土壤因子变化的响应规律。研究设置Cd污染土壤盆栽培养实验，以鬼针草生物炭（BC）和玉米秸秆生物炭（CC）为供试材料，设置1%、3%和5%添加量，并接种参状远盲蚓，进行21 d室内培养。测定蚯蚓存活率、生物量、Cd富集量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和总蛋白（TPr）等指标，并计算综合生物标志物响应指数（IBRv2）。此外，测定土壤Cd形态（弱酸提取态、可还原态、可氧化态、残渣态）与土壤化学性质（pH、有机碳和全氮）。结果表明：蚯蚓在3%和5% BC处理下全部死亡，1% BC处理也显著增加了蚯蚓死亡率并降低了其生物量；两种生物炭处理中蚯蚓Cd富集量和富集系数均明显降低，特别是3% CC处理组蚯蚓Cd富集系数较无生物炭施用组（CK）显著下降47.49%（P<0.05）；蚯蚓体内还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量无显著差异，CAT活性随生物炭添加量增加先降低后升高，SOD在1% CC处理组显著降低，而3% CC处理组则同时导致TPr含量显著降低和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高；随着两种生物炭施用量的增加，土壤pH和有机碳含量显著提升，且在5%添加量时达到峰值。BC较CC处理组土壤pH显著增加0.06~3.78个pH单位，有机碳含量显著增加18.22%~160.94%，两种生物炭均显著降低弱酸提取态Cd含量并促进其向更稳定形态转化；协惯量分析表明，与对照相比，添加生物炭处理后蚯蚓生理特征、土壤化学性质及Cd形态均有明显差异，且不同处理组间土壤化学性质及Cd各形态含量显著影响蚯蚓生理指标；pH是导致1% BC处理蚯蚓死亡的主要原因，有机碳、可氧化态和可还原态Cd的变化是导致3% CC、5% CC处理与对照组蚯蚓CAT活性、Cd富集量显著变化的主要因素（P=0.001，RV=0.431）。研究表明，生物炭施用显著提升了土壤pH和有机碳含量，尤其在5%添加量时效果最为显著。然而，鬼针草生物炭的强碱性超出了蚯蚓的适宜生存范围，导致蚯蚓死亡。在适宜的添加量下，两种生物炭均能有效缓解蚯蚓受到的Cd诱导氧化损伤，其中3%玉米秸秆生物炭在钝化效率与生态安全性之间达到了更理想的平衡。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study prepared two types of biochar, one derived from the invasive plant Bidens pilosa L.（BC）and the other from conventional agricultural waste corn straw（CC）. In a simulated biochar remediation process for cadmium（Cd）- contaminated soil, the study aimed to explore the ecotoxicological effects of Amynthas aspergillum in response to different biochar types and application rates. Furthermore, the study analyzed the relationship between biochar application and soil Cd transformation, chemical factors, and elucidated the response patterns of anecic earthworm to changes in soil factors throughout the remediation process. A pot experiment was conducted using Cd -contaminated soil amended with BC and CC at rates of 1%, 3%, and 5%（m / m）. Amynthas aspergillum was introduced and incubated for 21 days under controlled indoor conditions. Earthworm survival, biomass and Cd accumulation were determined. Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）, and total protein（TPr）, were analyzed, and the Integrated Biomarker Response Index version 2（IBRv2）was calculated. Soil Cd fractions（weak acid-extractable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual） and key chemical properties（pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen）were also determined. The results showed that：earthworms were entirely killed under 3% and 5% BC treatments, while the 1%BC addition treatment significantly increased earthworm mortality and reduced their biomass. The accumulation and bioconcentration factor of Cd in earthworms declined under both biochar treatments, especially in the 3% CC treatment, where the Cd bioconcentration factor was significantly decreased by 47.49%（P<0.05）compared with the control without biochar（CK）. There were no significant differences in the content of reduced glutathione（GSH）within earthworms. CAT activity initially decreased then increased with rising addition levels. SOD activity was significantly reduced in the 1%CC treatment, while the 3%CC treatment simultaneously caused a significant decrease in TPr content and a significant increase in malondialdehyde （MDA）. With increasing application rates of both biochar types, soil pH and SOC content significantly increased, peaking at the 5% addition rate. BC significantly enhanced soil pH（0.06-3.78 units）and organic carbon content（18.22%-160.94%）more than CC. Additionally, both biochars significantly reduced weak acid-extractable Cd and promoted its transformation into more stable fractions. Coinertia analysis（CoIA） revealed that compared with the control group, distinct differences existed in earthworm physiological characteristics, soil chemical properties and Cd fractions after biochar amendment. Furthermore, soil chemical properties and Cd fractions were key drivers influencing earthworm physiological indices. Soil pH was the primary factor contributing to the death of earthworms in the 1% BC treatment. Changes in soil organic carbon, oxidizable, and reducible Cd were the key contributors for variations in CAT activity and Cd accumulation between the 3%CC and 5%CC treatments and the control（P=0.001, RV=0.431）. Comprehensive assessments indicate that biochar application significantly increased soil pH and SOC content, with the most pronounced effects observed at a 5% addition rate. However, the strong alkalinity of BC exceeded the optimal survival range for earthworms, resulting in their mortality. At optimal application rates, both biochar types effectively mitigated Cd-induced oxidative damage in earthworms, with 3% corn straw biochar achieving a more favorable balance between passivation efficiency and ecological safety. |
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