| 杨添吉,郑天存,秦英洁,刘明妍,韩建均,朱海.秸秆与生物炭还田对水旱轮作土壤有机碳组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(7):1729-1739. |
| 秸秆与生物炭还田对水旱轮作土壤有机碳组分的影响 |
| Effects of straw and biochar return on soil organic carbon fractions in paddy-dry land rotation systems |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0769 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤有机碳组分 秸秆还田 生物炭 土壤碳库管理指数 |
| 英文关键词: soil organic carbon components return the straw to the field biochar soil carbon pool management index |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42207414）；湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目（KF202115） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究秸秆及其生物炭对土壤有机碳含量及其组分的影响，本研究采用室内培养试验，模拟旱地和水田两种土地利用方式，以土样质量的1%和0.5%设置两个碳水平，按照等碳量添加秸秆和生物炭，具体处理为高量秸秆（SW1%）、低量秸秆（SW0.5%）、高量生物炭（BC1%）、低量生物炭（BC0.5%）和无添加对照（CK），共10个处理。测定分析了秸秆及其生物炭添加对土壤有机碳含量及其组分和土壤理化性质的影响，并计算了土壤碳库管理指数。结果表明：秸秆和生物炭均显著提高了土壤总有机碳（TOC）含量，水田中增幅分别为22.31%~46.98%和23.80%~52.48%，旱地中增幅分别为18.86%~42.46%和23.58%~50.19%，生物炭的提升效果总体优于秸秆。秸秆和生物炭对土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）、微生物生物量碳（MBC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）和易氧化有机碳（ROC）含量也均有不同程度的提升作用，且秸秆对DOC、MBC和POC的提升效果优于生物炭，对ROC的提升效果与生物炭差异不显著。秸秆和生物炭均显著降低了土壤碳库活度和碳库活度指数，均显著提高了土壤碳库指数，但对土壤碳库管理指数影响均不显著；生物炭处理的碳库指数在旱地和水田中均高于秸秆处理。秸秆和生物炭均显著提高了土壤全氮（TN）和全磷（TP）含量，降低了NO3--N含量，此外，生物炭显著提高了土壤pH。水田和旱地的相关性分析均表明，除TOC与DOC、ROC与DOC外，土壤有机碳各组分间均呈显著正相关关系；TOC与土壤pH、TN、TP也均呈显著正相关关系。研究表明，秸秆及其生物炭还田均能改善土壤理化性质，提高土壤有机碳及其活性组分含量，且秸秆更有助于提升活性有机碳组分，生物炭则有助于提升总碳库稳定性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to investigate the effects of straw and its biochar on soil organic carbon content and fractions, an incubation experiment was conducted, simulating two land-use types：dry land and paddy fields. Two carbon application levels, equivalent to 1% and 0.5% of the soil sample mass, were established. Straw and biochar were added on an equal-carbon basis. The specific treatments included：high-rate straw（SW1%）, low-rate straw（SW0.5%）, high-rate biochar（BC1%）, low-rate biochar（BC0.5%）, and a no-addition control（CK）. This resulted in a total of 10 treatments（5 treatments × 2 land-use types）. The effects of straw and biochar addition on soil organic carbon content and fractions, and soil physical and chemical properties were determined and analyzed, and the soil carbon pool management index was calculated. The results showed that：both straw and biochar significantly increased the total organic carbon（TOC）content in both paddy and dry land soils. In paddy soils, the increase in TOC ranged from 22.31% to 46.98% for straw and from 23.80% to 52.48% for biochar. In dry land soils, the increases were 18.86% to 42.46% for straw and 23.58% to 50.19% for biochar. Overall, biochar exhibited a superior effect on enhancing TOC compared to straw. Straw and biochar application also enhanced the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon（DOC）, microbial biomass carbon（MBC）, particulate organic carbon（POC）, and readily oxidizable organic carbon（ROC）to varying degrees. Furthermore, straw was more effective than biochar in enhancing DOC, MBC, and POC, while its effect on ROC was not significantly different from that of biochar. Both straw and biochar significantly reduced soil carbon pool activity（A）and carbon pool activity index（AI）, and both significantly increased soil carbon pool index（CPI）, but had no significant effect on carbon pool management index（CPMI）. At the same time, the CPI index of biochar treatment was higher than that of straw treatment in both paddy and dry land soils. Both straw and biochar significantly increased the content of total nitrogen（TN）and total phosphorus（TP）and decreased the content of NO-3-N, and the biochar significantly increased the soil pH. Correlation analyses in both paddy and dry land soils indicated that all soil organic carbon fractions were significantly positively correlated with each other, with the exception of the pairs between TOC and DOC, and between ROC and DOC. Additionally, TOC showed significant positive correlations with soil pH, total nitrogen TN, and TP. In summary, both straw and its biochar improved soil physicochemical properties and increased the content of soil organic carbon and its active fractions. Specifically, straw was more conducive to enhancing the active organic carbon fractions, while biochar was more effective in increasing the stability of the total carbon pool. |
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