| 吕梦凡,陈应东,徐智,赵吉霞,范茂攀.生物有机肥等钾替代化肥对土壤肥力及咖啡品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(7):1789-1800. |
| 生物有机肥等钾替代化肥对土壤肥力及咖啡品质的影响 |
| Effects of replacing chemical potassium fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer on soil fertility and the quality of coffee |
| 投稿时间：2025-07-01 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0620 |
| 中文关键词: 生物有机肥 咖啡 等钾替代 土壤肥力 咖啡品质 |
| 英文关键词: bio-organic fertilizer coffee potassium-equivalent substitution soil fertility coffee quality |
| 基金项目:云南省重大科技专项计划项目（202302AE090009，202202AE090025） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同比例生物有机肥等钾替代化肥对多年连续种植咖啡土壤肥力和咖啡品质的影响，通过田间试验和土壤培养试验，以单施化肥（CF）为对照，设置25%（25% OF）、50%（50% OF）、75%（75% OF）生物有机肥等钾替代基施化肥处理，分析土壤培养条件下有效氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化，以及田间条件下咖啡成熟期0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤有机质、pH、有效养分、酶活性及小粒咖啡果实农艺性状和品质的差异。结果表明：培养试验中，与CF相比，替代处理土壤速效钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷分别显著提高2.03%~60.24%、3.04%~22.40%、1.31%~43.78%、4.75%~29.21%，其中50% OF处理提高最显著；田间试验中，与CF相比，替代处理0~20 cm土壤pH、有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶分别显著提高了0.18~0.59个pH单位、45.67%~119.61%、10.04%~19.70%、16.25%~45.36%、22.21%~30.76%、16.71%~37.66%、5.80%~19.28%、10.40%~19.89%，20~40 cm土壤分别显著提高0.18~0.26个pH单位、48.73%~81.74%、7.89%~31.86%、24.14%~51.72%、22.95%~38.21%、29.04%~60.92%、18.89%~32.10%、8.65%~30.70%，除pH和有机质外50% OF处理提高最显著。土壤肥力的提高显著提升了咖啡品质和农艺性状，与CF相比替代处理咖啡果实体积、鲜质量、干质量、绿原酸含量、粗蛋白含量分别显著提高了5.68%~8.57%、5.64%~7.30%、4.81%~10.62%、16.73%~17.68%、11.05%~17.81%，其中50% OF处理提高最显著。不同替代比例下，50%等钾替代较25%替代具有更持久的氮、磷、钾释放和有效态积累能力，较75%替代具有更显著的短期养分供应能力，在田间试验中对土壤肥力和咖啡品质的提高作用最为显著。研究表明，生物有机肥替代钾肥能显著提升多年连作咖啡园的土壤肥力及咖啡品质，其中50%生物有机肥替代基施钾肥对土壤培肥与咖啡品质改良的效果尤为显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of different substitution ratios of bio-organic fertilizer（equal potassium substitution）for chemical fertilizer on soil fertility and coffee quality under long-term continuous coffee cultivation, both field and soil incubation experiments were conducted. Chemical fertilizer alone（CF）served as the control, while three substitution treatments were established：25%（25%OF）, 50% （50%OF）, and 75%（75%OF）bio-organic fertilizer replacing the base potassium fertilizer. The study evaluated the dynamic changes of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium under incubation conditions, and, under field conditions, assessed soil organic matter, pH, available nutrients, enzyme activities, and the agronomic and quality traits of Coffea arabica ‘Catimor’at the maturity stage in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers. The results demonstrated that, in the incubation experiment, compared with CF, substitution treatments significantly increased available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus by 2.03%-60.24%, 3.04%- 22.40%, 1.31%-43.78%, and 4.75%-29.21%, respectively, with the 50%OF treatment exhibiting the most pronounced improvement. In the field experiment, relative to CF, substitution treatments markedly enhanced soil pH, organic matter, available potassium, alkalihydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and the activities of urease, catalase, and acid phosphatase by 0.18-0.59 unit pH, 45.67%- 119.61%, 10.04%-19.70%, 16.25%-45.36%, 22.21%-30.76%, 16.71%-37.66%, 5.80%-19.28%, and 10.40%-19.89% in the 0-20 cm soil layer, and by 0.18-0.26 unit pH, 48.73%-81.74%, 7.89%-31.86%, 24.14%-51.72%, 22.95%-38.21%, 29.04%-60.92%, 18.89%- 32.10%, and 8.65%-30.70% in the 20-40 cm layer, respectively. Except for pH and organic matter, the 50%OF treatment consistently produced the greatest effects. Enhanced soil fertility further promoted coffee agronomic traits and quality, with fruit volume, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorogenic acid and crude protein contents significantly increasing by 5.68%-8.57%, 5.64%-7.30%, 4.81%-10.62%, 16.73%-17.68%, and 11.05%-17.81%, respectively, compared with CF. Again, the 50%OF treatment achieved the most notable improvements. Among the substitution ratios, 50%OF showed a more sustained release and accumulation of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than 25%OF, while providing stronger short-term nutrient supply than 75%OF. Consequently, it resulted in the most substantial enhancements in soil fertility and coffee quality under field conditions. In conclusion, the partial substitution of potassium fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer significantly improved both soil fertility and coffee quality in long-term monoculture coffee plantations, with 50%OF proving to be the most effective strategy. |
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