| 李啸峰,苗潇扬,贺强,李嘉飞,陈逸明,马智宇,甄珍,蔺中,吴雪彪.蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭配施对土壤镉生物有效性及玉米产量和品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(9):2319-2329. |
| 蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭配施对土壤镉生物有效性及玉米产量和品质的影响 |
| Effects of combined application of vermicompost organic fertilizer and biochar on soil cadmium bioavailability and maize yield and quality |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-11 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2026-0042 |
| 中文关键词: 配施 蚯蚓粪有机肥 生物炭 重金属污染 作物产量与品质 |
| 英文关键词: co-application vermicompost organic fertilizer biochar heavy metal contamination crop yield and quality |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41907033，41977125）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2024A1515010766，2023A1515012225，2022A1515010630，2022A1515010867） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭配施对镉（Cd）污染土壤修复及玉米生产的综合影响，并确定两者最优配施比例，以华珍超甜玉米（Zea mays L.var.saccharate cv.‘Huazhen’）为材料，设置不施肥对照（CK）、单施蚯蚓粪有机肥（OF）、单施生物炭（BC）以及有机肥与生物炭按质量比9∶1（OF+BC1）、3∶1（OF+BC2）、1∶1（OF+BC3）配施6个处理。通过分析土壤理化性质、Cd形态分布、微生物群落结构及玉米产量与品质，明确配施的协同机制与最优模式。结果表明：蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭配施可显著改善土壤理化性质，其中OF+BC1处理效果最佳，可使土壤pH值提升至6.89，有机质含量、全氮含量和阳离子交换量分别较CK提高了34.6%、35.0%和54.5%。配施有效促进了土壤中生物有效性较高的弱酸可提取态Cd向稳定的残渣态转化，OF+BC1处理使弱酸可提取态Cd含量比例较CK降低了40.7%，残渣态Cd含量比例较CK提高了292.0%。该处理同时实现了最高的玉米产量（12 040.00 kg·hm-2，较CK提高了34.3%）与较优的籽粒品质（可溶性糖123.77 mg·kg-1、维生素C 109.37 mg·kg-1），籽粒Cd含量降至0.081 mg·kg-1，较CK降低了42.96%。此外，OF+BC1处理显著提升了土壤微生物群落丰富度与多样性（Chao1指数提高79.6%），并富集了酸杆菌科（Acidobacteriaceae）、根瘤菌科（Rhizobiaceae）等有益菌群。研究表明，蚯蚓粪有机肥与生物炭的最优配施比例为9∶1（OF+BC1处理组）可协同改善土壤环境、降低Cd生物有效性以及优化微生物群落结构，同步实现玉米安全生产与污染土壤修复的双重目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the comprehensive effects of combined application of vermicompost organic fertilizer and biochar on cadmium （Cd）-contaminated soil remediation and maize production, with the aim of determining the optimal mixing ratio, this study used‘Huazhen supersweet maize（Zea mays L. var. saccharate cv.‘Huazhen’）as the test material. Six treatments were established：no fertilizer control （CK）, vermicompost alone（OF）, biochar alone（BC）, and combined applications of vermicompost and biochar at mass ratios of 9∶1（OF+ BC1）, 3∶1（OF+BC2）, and 1∶1（OF+BC3）. By analyzing soil physicochemical properties, Cd speciation distribution, microbial community structure, maize yield, and grain quality, the synergistic mechanisms and optimal application mode were clarified. The results showed that combined application of vermicompost and biochar significantly improved soil physicochemical properties, with the OF + BC1 treatment exhibiting the best performance：soil pH increased to 6.89, and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity increased by 34.6%, 35.0%, and 54.5%, respectively, compared with CK. The combined application effectively promoted the transformation of the more bioavailable acid-extractable Cd into the stable residual fraction. The OF+BC1 treatment reduced the proportion of acid-extractable Cd by 40.7% and increased the proportion of residual Cd by 292.0% relative to CK. This treatment also achieved the highest maize yield （12 040.00 kg·hm-2, an increase of 34.3% over CK）and superior grain quality（soluble sugar 123.77 mg·kg-1, vitamin C 109.37 mg·kg-1）, while grain Cd content decreased to 0.081 mg · kg-1, a reduction of 42.96% compared with CK. Additionally, the OF + BC1 treatment significantly enhanced soil microbial community richness and diversity（Chao1 index increased by 79.6%） and enriched beneficial bacterial groups such as Acidobacteriaceae and Rhizobiaceae. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, the optimal mass ratio of vermicompost to biochar was 9∶1（treatment OF + BC1）. This ratio synergistically improved the soil environment, reduced Cd bioavailability, and optimized the microbial community structure, thereby achieving the dual goals of safe maize production and contaminated soil remediation. |
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