| 吴璐璐,吕家珑,高明,陈文茜,郭鑫年.复合淋洗剂对土壤重金属的去除效果及机理[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(9):2330-2343. |
| 复合淋洗剂对土壤重金属的去除效果及机理 |
| Effects of composite leaching agents on the remediation of heavy metals in soil |
| 投稿时间：2025-09-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0909 |
| 中文关键词: 复合淋洗剂 重金属修复 土壤化学 形态转化 |
| 英文关键词: composite leaching agent heavy metal remediation soil chemistry speciation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42077135）；宁夏农林科学院对外交流项目（DW-X-2023005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明复合淋洗剂对重金属的修复效果及影响，推进土壤重金属治理，本研究以灰钙土为研究对象，选取柠檬酸（CA）、三氯化铁（FeCl3）和亚氨基二琥珀酸四钠（IDS）作为淋洗剂，通过批次振荡试验，系统比较了单一淋洗剂及复配淋洗剂（CA+FeCl3、CA+IDS、FeCl3+IDS）对Cd、Pb、Cu 3种重金属的去除效果；进一步借助土柱淋洗试验，分析了筛选出的最优复合淋洗剂（CA+FeCl3）对土壤重金属总量、有效态含量及形态分布的影响。结果表明：在固液比为1∶20（m∶V）条件下，单一淋洗剂对重金属的去除效果显著优于1∶5和1∶10条件，其中CA与FeCl3复配的淋洗剂效果最佳。淋洗时间对去除效率的影响及动力学分析显示，3种重金属去除率均在24 h达到峰值，延长淋洗时间并无显著促进作用，且复合淋洗剂对重金属的解吸过程涉及多种机制。土柱试验进一步表明，CA与FeCl3复配淋洗剂可显著降低土壤中Cd、Pb、Cu的总量、有效态含量及可交换态与碳酸盐结合态（CAB）占比（P<0.05），同时引起土壤pH和阳离子交换量（CEC）显著下降，而速效磷（AP）、速效钾（AK）和有机质（SOM）含量有所上升。形态分析表明CAB组分占比显著降低，重金属潜在生态风险等级普遍下降。相关性分析与偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）表明，土壤理化性质（尤其是pH和CEC）与有效态含量是影响修复效果的关键因子，通过直接和间接途径共同调控重金属的形态转化、生物有效性及生态风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Investigating the remediation efficacy and influencing factors of composite leaching agents for heavy metals is significant for advancing soil heavy metal remediation. This study utilized calcareous soil as the research subject, selecting citric acid（CA）, ferric chloride （FeCl3）, and tetrasodium iminodisuccinate（IDS）as leaching agents. Through batch oscillation experiments, a systematic comparison was conducted on the removal efficiency of Cd, Pb, and Cu by both single leaching agents and composite leaching agents（CA+FeCl3, CA+IDS, FeCl3 + IDS）on the removal of three heavy metals. Furthermore, using soil column leaching tests, the effects of the selected optimal composite leaching agent（CA+FeCl3）on the total heavy metal content, available form concentrations, and speciation distribution in soil were analyzed. Results indicated that at a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶20（m∶V）, single-agent leaching demonstrated significantly superior heavy metal removal compared to ratios of 1∶5 and 1∶10, with the CA-FeCl3 composite exhibiting optimal performance. The influence of leaching time on removal efficiency and kinetic analysis revealed that removal rates for all three heavy metals peaked at 24 hours, with no significant enhancement observed by prolonging leaching time. The desorption process of heavy metals by the composite leaching agent involved multiple mechanisms. Soil column experiments further demonstrated that the CA-FeCl3 composite leaching agent significantly reduced total Cd, Pb, and Cu content, available forms, and the proportion of exchangeable and carbonate-bound（CAB）forms in soil（P<0.05）. Concurrently, it caused significant decreases in soil pH and cation exchange capacity（CEC）, while increasing available phosphorus （AP）, available potassium（AK）, and soil organic matter（SOM）content increased. Morphological analysis revealed a significant reduction in the proportion of CAB components, with a general decrease in the potential ecological risk levels of heavy metals. Correlation analysis and partial least squares path modeling（PLS-PM）indicated that soil physicochemical properties（particularly pH and CEC）and available form concentrations are key factors influencing remediation efficacy, jointly regulating heavy metal transformation, bioavailability, and ecological risk through direct and indirect pathways. |
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