| 张艳颖,王霞,张明超,闵炬,施卫明.太湖流域农田磷排放负荷及入湖贡献估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(9):2354-2366. |
| 太湖流域农田磷排放负荷及入湖贡献估算 |
| Quantifying the contribution of phosphorus emissions from crop cultivation in the Taihu Lake basin |
| 投稿时间：2025-10-09 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0921 |
| 中文关键词: 面源污染 农田径流 磷流失系数 负荷估算 环境效应 |
| 英文关键词: non-point source pollution farmland runoff phosphorus loss coefficient load estimation environmental effect |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD17000304） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 95 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为量化太湖流域种植业磷排放负荷及其对太湖富营养化的贡献率，本研究选取太湖流域4种主要土地利用方式（稻麦农田、菜地、果园和茶园），连续两年监测田间径流水量与总磷浓度，结合江苏省统计年鉴数据，用“单位面积流失量”与“磷流失系数”两种算法分别计算年均农田磷排放负荷并估算农田磷入湖贡献率。结果表明：不同土地利用方式下，磷流失强度差异显著，菜地单位面积流失量最高，年均958.11 g·hm-2，是果园的1.04倍、茶园的3.27倍、稻田的3.27倍和麦田的8.69倍；年均总磷排放量达（269.29±2.35）t，占入湖总磷负荷的13.46%，其中菜地贡献最大，入湖总磷负荷为7.44%，稻麦农田为4.27%，果园为1.46%，茶园为0.29%。若计入沟渠沿程输移消纳，实际入湖贡献率降至9.43%。基于现有的有限数据分析表明，种植业源磷排放对太湖的贡献有限（低于10%），远低于畜禽养殖、生活污水及底泥内源，尽管磷肥投入高的果、菜、茶种植面积扩张增加磷流失风险，但作物吸收与土壤固持可控制总体负荷，磷面源污染防治重心应关注多源协同与内源削减策略。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To quantify the phosphorus（P）discharge load from crop cultivation in the Taihu Lake basin and evaluate its contribution to eutrophication in Taihu Lake, we selected four dominant land-use types: rice - wheat rotation fields, vegetable plots, orchards, and tea plantations. Runoff volume and total phosphorus（total-P）concentration at field outlets were monitored continuously for two consecutive years. Combined with data from the Jiangsu statistical yearbook, two independent calculation approaches—“areal export coefficient”and “P-loss coefficient”—were employed to estimate the annual average P emission load from farmland, as well as the basin-wide contribution rate of farmland P input into the lake. The results showed significant differences in P export intensity among different land-use types. Vegetable plots had the highest areal P loss, with an annual average of 958.11 g·hm-2, which was 1.04 times that of orchards, 3.27 times that of tea plantations and rice fields, and 8.69 times that of wheat fields. The total annual farmland P discharge reached（269.29±2.35）t, accounting for 13.46% of the overall total phosphorus load entering Taihu Lake. Among these land-use types, vegetable plots contributed the most, accounting for 7.44% of the lake′ s incoming total P load, followed by rice-wheat rotation fields（4.27%）, orchards（1.46%）, and tea plantations（0.29%）. When the retention and attenuation of P during transit in ditches and canals were accounted for, the actual contribution rate of farmland P to the lake′s total P load decreased to 9.43%. Based on the currently available limited data, the contribution of P emissions from crop cultivation to Taihu Lake is relatively limited, accounting for less than 10% of the lake′ s total external P input— this is substantially lower than the contributions from livestock farming, domestic sewage, and internal sediment sources. Although the expansion of fruit, vegetable, and tea cultivation（which involves high phosphorus fertilizer input）increases the risk of P loss, crop P uptake and soil P sorption can effectively keep the overall farmland P load in check. Therefore, the focus of non-point source phosphorus pollution prevention and control strategies should emphasize multi-source synergy and in-lake / sediment internal source abatement, rather than solely focusing on agricultural sources. |
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